Yer Değiştirmede Mekansal Deneyim

Abstract

Teknoloji ve küreselleşmenin etkisiyle hızlanan ve sürekli hareket halinde olmayı gerektiren modern hayatta insanın yer değiştirmeye harcadığı zamanın barınma ve çalışma sürelerine yaklaştığı görülür. Bu durum yer değiştirmenin, insanın yaşamını ve aktivitelerini şekillendiren mimarlık disipliniyle daha sıkı ilişkiler kurması gerekliliğini ortaya koyar. Bugünkü yaşam alanı, ev, iş, sosyal alanlar ve bunlar arasında yer değiştirirken geçtiği mekanların uç uca eklenmesiyle tariflenen modern insan için yer değiştirme süreci hareketli bir mekansal deneyim içerir. Yer değiştirme ve mimarlığın ilişkisi üzerine kurulan tez, yer değiştirme halinde olan insanın mekansal deneyimi üzerine yapılan bir incelemedir ve insanın çoğunlukla kalıcı ve sabit bir şey olarak tanımladığı ve gördüğü mekan’a hareketlilik ve geçici olma durumları üzerinden bakmayı önermektedir. Bu bağlamda tezde yer değiştirme halinde olan bedenin geçme ve duraklamaları esnasında temas ettiği mekan’ı nasıl deneyimlediği, mekan aracılığıyla hareketini ve hareketi aracılığıyla mekanı nasıl algıladığı, hareket halinde geçtiği mekanların onun aktivite ve kullanımı için ne tip potansiyellere dönüşebileceği soruları sorulmuş, bu sorular çeşitli teoriler ve örnekler arasında ilişkiler kurularak cevaplanmaya çalışılmıştır. Tezin ilk bölümünde yer değiştirme eyleminde beden ve mekan arasında kalan hareket kavramı incelenmiş, insan zihninin hareketi nasıl algıladığı üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde ise hareket doğrudan yer değiştirme olarak ele alınmış, bu kavramın insan yaşantısında ve mimarlık disiplininde ne ifade ettiği ve nasıl ele alınması gerektiği incelenmiştir. Mekansal deneyim ve algıda yer değiştirmenin ölçeği ve biçimlerinin etkileri tartışılmıştır. Tezin üçüncü bölümünde geçme, durma ve duraklama eylemlerini kapsayan bütünsel yer değiştirme aktivitesinde geçilen, durulan ve duraklanan mekanlar incelenmiştir. Bunun için öncelikle bu deneyimde aynı görevi üstlenen mekanlar belirlenerek 3 grup altında toplanmıştır. İnsanların bu mekanları kullanma ve algılama şekilleri, bu mekanlarda gerçekleştirdikleri aktiviteler, yer değiştirme dışında hangi durumlar için ne tip potansiyeller taşıdıkları ve hareketi algılamada nasıl bir role sahip oldukları tartışılmıştır. Dördüncü bölüm ise, ilk üç bölümde teorik olarak anlatılan ve tartışılan durumların bir denemesi niteliğini taşımaktadır. Bu bölümde gündelik hayatta kullanılan bir hareket rotası seçilmiş ve belirlenen rota üzerinde hareket eden deneğin, hareketinin karakteri, geçtiği mekanlar, bu mekanlardaki kullanım ve aktiviteleri, bunlara ek olarak gözlem, deneyim ve algıları rota boyunca kaydedilen bir videonun iki boyut düzleminde diyagramlaştırılması ve yorumlanması ile aktarılmıştır. Sonuçta yer değiştirme ve mimarlık arasındaki ilişkiden türetilen sorular, literatür araştırmaları, örnekler ve denemeler üzerinden yorumlanmıştır. Bu sayede kullanıcı için yer değiştirme esnasında geçtiği mekanlar ile ilgili deneyimsel bir farkındalık oluşturmak, mimarlar ve tasarımcılar içinse yüksek dozda hareket ve geçicilik barındıran bu mekanların tasarımına ve üretimine farklı bir bakış yaratmak hedeflenmiştir.

Dwelling and working as the most basic life functions, that architecture mostly serves to, shape a request for permanent environment, which is generally perceived and used through stability. Therefore, stability and permanence principles have always been more important and prior than mobility and temporality principles in architectural design and construction process from past to present. In today’s modern life, which is getting faster day by day under the effects of technology and globalization and which requires the citizens to be in continous motion, the time spent to movement is nearly the same with the time spent on dwelling and working. In other words, the twenty-four hours, in which people can fit more activities and experiences today, has triggered a mobile lifestyle. This situation brings out the necessity for the citizens to build stronger relationships with architecture discipline in which they inhabit and maintain their daily activities. This awareness has created the desire to explore the aspects of architecture, which can be temporary and mobile, perceived through motion and can also transform for being mobile. As the result of this kind of desire, the relationship between movement and architecture is decided to research by correlating between the body, space, motion concepts and perception, experience and using processes in this dissertation. Today's living space: home, working environment, social space and the intermediate spaces connecting these, create the process of movement and this process creates a spatial experience for the citizens. This dissertation, based on the relationship between architecture and movement, is an analysis of the spatial experience of the citizen on motion. It suggests a new perspective on looking to the space, which is generally characterized by stability and permanence, with the concepts of mobility and temporality. In this context, how the body in motion experiences the space contacted during the transitions and stops, how the body perceives the motion via the space and space via motion and how the spaces can turn into potentials for the activities of the body are researched. Within the research, these questions are answered by relating various theories and examples. In the first section, the notion of movement in-between the body and the space during motion and the perception of the body of the motion are examined. To investigate mentioned issues, change, time, motion, body and space notions are defined at first and the relationships between these notions are tried to be analyzed in order to find out how the body perceives the motion and also the space. After that, these notions are correlated with the perception, experience and using processes. Time, change and motion are three main concepts of human life which cannot be expressed independent of each other. In the integrated relationship of these three concepts, change refers to the continous flow of life; time refers to the place of this flow and motion refers to act form of this flow. It can be said that there is also a similar integrated relationship between body, motion and space concepts. In this relationship, body can be described as an interface which creates and perceives the motion; motion can be described as an act created by the body and the space can be described a background of this act. In other words, body builds the motion, motion enables to create experience for space and space provides some various data for body’s sensation and perception centres. Shortly, architecture and its spatial qualities are experienced by the human body through movement over time. The human body is an interface, through which the human perceives its environment and the movement of the body changes its perception. In the second section, the motion is considered directly as movement and the meaning of movement for daily life and for architecture discipline is analyzed. Motion is the most tangible version of a change for human and as the ‘movement’, it covers a large area in architecture discipline. In the dissertation, the movement can be defined as all the actions of the subject passing from one location to another. For this reason, it covers a large portion also in life, which is shaped by architecture discipline. Firstly the historical process of movement in architecture and its effects in today’s modern lifestyle are researched in the second chapter in order to analyze the links between movement, space and body concepts. Addition to these, the effects of the scale and the kinds of the movement on spatial experience and bodily perception are discussed. The places, that are used by people during the movement process, becomes associated with architecture in spatial experience in movement, within their spatial characteristics, perceptual datas and providing activities. However, when investigating spatial experience in movement process, as well as the architectural character of space, the form of bodily motion becomes important. In the third section, the spaces contacted during the whole movement experience, containing passing, stopping and pausing, are examined. Thus, the spaces belonging to the same purpose are decided and collected under three groups. The usage and perception of these spaces by people, the activities of people in these spaces, the other potentials of these spaces, and the roles of these spaces on the perception of movement are discussed. The movement indicates a continuum in the modern individual’s life. During the transitions, which creates the whole movement process, a destination can also be seen as a passing or pausing point for another motion. Thus, movement can be defined not only as a transition, but also a wholistic experience that involves all this passing, pausing and halting moments and spaces. In this context, when we look at the daily movements and also long-distance travel activities, it can be mentioned about 3 different space types. These are the “in-between” spaces, which are all the circulation areas of moving body and vehicles; the “intermediary” spaces, which allows the individual’s orientation to vehicles and “vehicular” spaces; which can also be defined the means of transport. If we define movement as an travel action from point A to point B, the spaces of movement are all the locations between these two points. It can also be said that the A and B points are the halt spaces, where people dwell, work, spent time and continue their activities. Additionally, these spaces take place also as departure and arrival points in the whole movement process. These 3 space types between A and B, that defines whole movement process spatially, has helped to reveal the characteristics of experience and using processes in the relationship between movement and architecture. The analyzing of the common spatial characteristics of each space type and their spatial potentials that can be varied according to the transport type, has provided to see their functional opportunities and also the expectations of moving body from spaces. The fourth section contains experiments on the situations theoretically discussed on the first three sections, (theoretical discussions between body, motion, space notions and perception, experience, using processes). In other words, these experiments can be defined as a practical interpretation of first three chapters. In order to make this interpretation, a movement route, which is used in daily life, is chosen firstly. The character of the movement, the passed spaces and the activities in these spaces of subject moving on this route are examined. Additionally observations, experiences and the perceptions of the subject are recorded by a video simultaneously and diagrams and comments are used for the visualization of the video in the research. Through this experiment, the forms of movement, the ways of sensation and perceiving and the movement spaces, which are discussed under the different chapters in the dissertation, has been illustrated step by step. Besides, the effects of environmental datas like human density, speed, traffic and unforeseen intersections that created by different movement types and situations to the spatial experience in movement are also seen with the help of this experiment As a result the questions, derived from the relationship between movement and architecture, are interpreted through literature research, examples and experiments. By this means, aims of this research are raising awareness on the passed spaces during movement for people and creating new perspectives on the design and production of these spaces containing movement and temporality for architects. It also can be said that this research is an examination for proving the potentials of movement activity in terms of spatial experience of body. Providing an awareness for the user is aimed by theoretically and practically examining and interpreting the relationships between the mobile body and space during the sensation, perceiving, using, experiencing and transforming activities. Besides, the spatial potentials in the relationship of body, space and movement are provided to produce new discoveries for the user. In addition to this, the positive effects of being mobile & temporary (based on movement activity) are remarked in architectural design, production and usage processes for architects and designers.