Patlama Yüklerine Dayanıklı Yapı Tasarımı
Patlama Yüklerine Dayanıklı Yapı Tasarımı
Dosyalar
Tarih
Yazarlar
Koççaz, Zeynep
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Bu çalışmada, mimari ve strüktürel açıdan patlama yüklerine dayanıklı yapı tasarımı ele alınmış ve saldırıların hedefi olmuş önemli binaların patlama sonrasında mevcut durumları irdelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın amacı, patlama yüklerine dayanıklı yapı tasarımı kuramının açıklanması, mimari ve strüktürel tasarım aşamasında patlayıcı maddelerin etkilerine karşı yapıların güvenliğinin arttırılması ve uygulanması gereken tasarım tekniklerinin belirtilmesidir. Yapılar üzerinde patlayıcı madde etkilerinin net bir şekilde açıklanabilmesi amacıyla öncelikle patlayıcıların gelişim süreci ve özellikleri konu olarak ele alınmış; genel anlamda patlama ve patlama türleri incelenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, dayanıklı yapı tasarımı mimari açıdan ele alınmış, tasarım faktörleri, mimari kararlar ve işlevsel etmenlere değinilmiştir. Betonarme ve çelik taşıyıcı sistemlerin dinamik yükler altındaki davranışları incelenmiş, patlama yüklerine dayanıklı tasarımı anlatılmış, her iki sistem için de bir uygulama örneği verilmiştir. Yapılan literatür araştırması ve incelenen örnekler sonucunda, yapı yönetmeliklerinde terörist saldırıların ve patlamalara dayanıklı yapı tasarımına ilişkin hususların göz ardı edildiği görülmüştür. Patlamaların da deprem, rüzgar, sel gibi yapıları ve barınanları tehdit eden bir tür afet olduğu gerçeği kabul edilmeli, bu konuda sistem, planlama, hazırlık ve standartlar gibi öncelikler belirlenmelidir.
In this study, blast resistant building design has been examined both as an architectural and a structural issue, and the present condition of some of the important buildings that have been subjected to terrorist attacks has been exemplified. The objective of this study is to shed light on blast resistant building design theories, the enhancement of building security against the effects of explosives in both architectural and structural design processes and the design techniques that should be carried out. Firstly, the general aspects of explosives and their development sequence have been presented to clarify the effects of explosives on buildings. Moreover, blast resistant design have been examined as an architectural issue and design considerations, decisions and functional considerations have been presented. Reinforced concrete and steelwork under dynamic loads like blast loadings have been studied and design examples are given for these structural system elements. After a comprehensive bibliographical research and the study of examples, it has been seen that there were no clauses in building regulations regarding terrorist attacks and explosions. Explosions, just like earthquakes, winds and floods, should be considered as disasters that threaten buildings and their inhabitants. Priorities, such as systems, planning, preparation and standards, should be determined.
In this study, blast resistant building design has been examined both as an architectural and a structural issue, and the present condition of some of the important buildings that have been subjected to terrorist attacks has been exemplified. The objective of this study is to shed light on blast resistant building design theories, the enhancement of building security against the effects of explosives in both architectural and structural design processes and the design techniques that should be carried out. Firstly, the general aspects of explosives and their development sequence have been presented to clarify the effects of explosives on buildings. Moreover, blast resistant design have been examined as an architectural issue and design considerations, decisions and functional considerations have been presented. Reinforced concrete and steelwork under dynamic loads like blast loadings have been studied and design examples are given for these structural system elements. After a comprehensive bibliographical research and the study of examples, it has been seen that there were no clauses in building regulations regarding terrorist attacks and explosions. Explosions, just like earthquakes, winds and floods, should be considered as disasters that threaten buildings and their inhabitants. Priorities, such as systems, planning, preparation and standards, should be determined.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2004
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2004
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2004
Anahtar kelimeler
Dayanıklı yapı,
Patlama,
Patlayıcı madde,
Patlama yükü,
Blast resistant building,
Blast,
Explosive,
Blast loading