Okul Öncesi Eğitim Kurumlarında Müzik Eğitimi

Abstract

Müzik eğitimi eski düşüncelerden farklı şekilde, kendi alanı içerisinde, ayrı bilimsel değere sahip, eğitici, paylaşımcı ve birleştirici, çocuğu güven, basan ve sorumluluk duygularını aşılamak, mantıklı düşünme gelecekte sezgi yetisini de güçlendirerek olayları daha iyi duyumsamayı sağlamak gibi özelliklere sahiptir. Çocuğa genel eğitime ek olarak, müziğin yapısal oluşum uyum ve diğer alanlarla ilişkisi şeklinde müzik eğitimi verilecek olursa, çocuk öncelikle öğrenilenleri yaşama aktararak, nitelikli bir bakış açısı kazanacaktır. Bu özellikler çocuğun algılayış kapasitesinin en yüksek derecede olduğu küçük yaşlarından itibaren verilmelidir. Çocuğun zekasının %50 ile %80 arası geliştiği okul öncesi dönemde, bilgileri çocuğa doğrudan vermek imkansızdır. Eğitim metotlarının çocuk psikolojisi içinde değerlendirilerek hazırlanması gerekir. Konuların öğretilmesi arasında oluşabilecek zorlanma ve kopukluk, dikkati toplayamama gibi olumsuzluklar, müzik desteği ile ilgiyi arttırıcı, birleştirici sıkmadan tekrarlayıcı, bütünleştirici etkiler yaratılarak giderilebilir. Sağlıklı bir toplum için konunun önemi saptanarak gelişmiş ülkelerdeki yenilikler, bilimsel gelişmeler izlenmeli ve toplum bu konuda uyarılmalıdır. Okul öncesi özel eğitim kurumları, devlet kurumlarına göre daha nitelikli olmakla beraber, yaygın olmaması, sayısal yetersizliği sebebiyle, çalışma içinde ön plana çıkarılmamıştır. Devlet okulları programlan incelenip, bunun yanında çıkan özel kitap ve kaynaklar üzerinde durulmuştur. Kişisel saptamalardan çok, bu konudaki yayınlar araştırılmıştır. Gözlem, inceleme, araştırma metotları kullanılmıştır. Yaş grupları ve müziksel gelişim VI konusunda doğru saptamalar yapabilmek için ayrı ayrı incelenmekle beraber, özellikle üç ile altı yaş arası dönem üzerinde durulmuştur. Ülkemizde sanat eğitimindeki durum göz önünde bulundurulursa, okul öncesi dönem ile bu dönemdeki müzik eğitiminin öneminin vurgulanması gereklidir. Varolan problemlere bulunacak çözümler için yapılan uygulamalar, ancak temelden başlanırsa yararlı ve verimli olabilir. Araştırma içinde içinde içinde toprak verimliliği ve kaynaklar açısından Türkiye kadar şanslı olmayan Japonya'ya geniş yer verildi. Japonya'nın ilerleme konusundaki felsefesi, elindeki kaynaklardan eğitime büyük ölçüde pay ayırarak, yetersizliklere, yaratıcılıkları ve bilgileriyle çözüm bulacak insanlar yetiştirmek şeklindedir. Harvard Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Profesörü ve Doğu Asya Etüdleri Bölümü Başkanı, Ezra, F. Vogel, ilk baskısı 1979 yılında çıkan, Japonya'ya tercümesi de yapılmış "Japon As No: 1", Japonya'nın dünyanın en güçlü endüstri ülkesi haline geldiğini anlatarak batıyı yakalamasında hükümet politikaları yanında, eğitim programlarının da büyük rolü olduğunu belirtmiştir. Çocuğun fiziksel ve ruhsal becerilerine paralel olarak zeka, kişilik gelişimleri, sanatsal yaratı cılıkl an üzerinde yapılmış incelemeler, saptanmış bulgular, ülkemizde çağdaş çocuk eğitim felsefesinin metot ve uygulamalarının oluşturulmasına ışık tutacaktır. Eğitimcilerle beraber halk da bilinçlendirilecek olursa temelden çözümlenecek yetersizlikler ileri eğitim basamaklarının emin adımlarla çıkılmasını sağlayacaktır.

The Importance of Music In The Preschool Institutions Education given to child, up from natal to primary school period is called the preschool education. Since this matter is temporarily highlighted inconsistently, no favorable result is achieved. It's impossible to teach a child directly in his preschool period in which 50-80% of his or her faculty is improved. Teaching technics should be prepared taking the child development and psychology into consideration. In our country, especially in big cities, the importance of the preschool period is yielded but the execution. Ideological and philosophical problems should be solved as much the qualitative and quantitative ones. Each practice should be examined before hand thoroughly for long term results. Modern education, being exposed to the needs of social life, future expectations and scientific dates pertaining to the psychological and physical capability of the child, is prone to change rapidly. Today, preschool period, an important stage of education, should be supported by a qualified preschool education instead of a possibility of a true approach of bounded family and neighborhood. Psychological and physical needs of the child shouldn't be let accidentally. Though it's regarded as a discriminate stage by the National Education Department and constituted the Preschool Desk, accomplishments yet are very new and insufficient. According to the 1995 statistics, only VIM 230.000 among 2.000.000 children, aged between 3 and 6 benefited from the preschool education. That's to say, only 11% of the total children population attend to nursery school. These schools are less in total. State schools are also unqualified. To think the preschool period apart from the obligatory education, has led these considered schools spread over randomly. In big cities also, they are insufficient. Unsolved problems of primary schools is another reason of this result. Additionally, Ignoring physical and psychological condition of the children thus the preschool period, centralized education term is started by the age of 6. To begin to education one year earlier is regarded as a solution. On the other hand, whether the child is ready physically and psychologically has the least importance. Because a child, either at 6 or 7 can manage at school, provided she or he has been completely donated for school. Otherwise, child, who is separated from his or her family and put in school may perform adaptation problems. If we observe the development periods of a child, we will see that each is surmounted upon the previous one. This procedure, which is striking for musical development as much the general is ignored by parents. It's proved by the scientists that education in this period is an important stage which will affect the whole life, figuring out the personality of the individual. Thus, bringing out a child se as to donate his or her with the adaptation ability to social life is as important as nourishing, caring out and love. Setting up a modern and democratic society and bringinging out healthy generations, who are capable of using their talents, abilities and expressing thoughts freely is only possible by educating them from the preschool period on. IX Observing the charts herein, one can notice that our country, compared to others, in this matter which is uttered as a preparatory step to modern education, therefore sofor the following steps. Global comparison of education and development of child brings forth the insufficiency of the attentions to the matter in Turkey. Working of women, ignorance of families, the need of being with friends aging 3 and 6 are the factors that support the preschool education. Today, observing the children education in distinguished countries in its historical process, we can realize that the rigid method and practice have been well transformed in accordance with the global development and social changes. A recent scientific research has shown that one of the 7 main parts of the brian is music? According to another research preschool educated children ant another, music bounded education takers are more successful than others. In the preschool period that's repeatedly stressed in the developed countries, the best way to contact with the child and teach him or her the life is art classes. In this respect, music is more than just a leisure time fun. Viewing at the art education in our country, conditions of the referred term education should be reorganized in accordance with the scientific research results. Leaving the traditional approach apart, music education, scientifically proved has the characteristics so as educating, cooperation uniting, besides inculcating self-confidence, responsibility, so as to strengthen faculty and common sense. In addition to the basic education, music education, in accordance with the physical structure, adaptation and other fields will provide the child a qualified perspective of life. These qualifications should be given the child in the earlier ages. Difficulty, disconnection, failure of attentionduring the teaching sessions can be overcame by he assistance of music, creating an attentive, unifying, unboning atmosphere when repeated. That must also be remembered that unused, suppressed drives transform into various distresses. In this survey Japan, where is lesser than Turkey in means of soul fertility and resources takes a big part. Japan approach to development is to assign education a big stake and to train people so as to use their talents and knowledge to solve problems. Music education in Japan among other developed countries is distinguished. Though our country is luckier than others in means of natural resources and territorial fertility, the fundamental problem is to assign sufficient share to education, that '11 carry the nation to the future. The importance of preschool period and the role of music should be taken into consideration and keep pace with the progresses for a wealthy society. In this survey, though private education institutions are more qualified but rare, only state schools are taken into account. The programmes of state schools and book references are inspected. Such books are taken into consideration than subjective comments. Observation, inspection and research methods have been employed. Age groups, mainly, 3-6 and musical progress in order to make true determinations have been examined separately. XI The reasons of behavioral abnormalities and social deformations are closely interconnected with the essence of the attitude towards the child in family and in school by the teachers, specialists, thus education and art policies. So, fundamental problems should be solved at the first hand. In order to guarantee a good will, this broadly based matter should be taken into consideration urgently. Before adolescensehood, a child should have been donated with the qualifications of ability of free thinking, and realize and use his or her talents. In this respect, in education, music should be employed as a training tool as much a fun. Besides the importance of the preschool period, parallel to the psychological and physical abilities, recorded datas on mental and personal development will enlighten us to form out a modern approach to the philosophy of education. All these aspects will be clearly agreed once the importance of the preschool period, which is upmost treatable stage of mentality, the support of music, the position and the historical processes in the developed countries and Turkey. Preschool education, it's absence a reason for the insufficiency of education in our country and therefore art education, a striking tool in education are necessary for our children. In this paper, the importance of the matter and suggestions are stated. It should always be remembered that true happiness is only possible if one can express and enjoy his or herself in a levable and respectful environment. The next generations will accelerate to create this process, provided the matter is handled as seen as possible