Aşir Efendi Han koruma sorunları ve restorasyon projesi

Abstract

Çalışma konusu olan Aşir Efendi Han, İstanbul ili, Fatih ilçesi, Hobyar Mahallesi, Aşir Efendi Caddesi ve Sultanhamam Caddesi arasında yer almaktadır. Özel mülkiyette olan Aşir Efendi Han'ın, Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve Anıtlar Yüksek Kurulu'nun 13.04.1969 gün ve 4553 sayılı kararında, muhafazası gerekli eski eser olduğuna karar verilmiştir. İstanbul 1 Numaralı Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıkları Kurulu tarafından 25.02.1998 gün ve 9298 sayılı karar uyarınca koruma grubu II olarak belirlenmiştir. Aşir Efendi Han, Şeyhülislam Aşir Efendi tarafından yaptırılan kütüphanenin vakfiyesi olarak inşa edilmiştir. Yapının inşasından önce aynı yerde var olan dükkan ve hamamın bulunduğu, bu yapıların bir kısmının yakılmadan bugünkü yapı için de kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Yapının 1914 yılında Rıza Bey Hanının inşası ile bir kısmının yıkıldığı, yıkım sonrasında bugünkü halini aldığı söylenebilir. Bitişik nizamlı, avlulu olan kargir yapıya Aşir Efendi Caddesi'nden girilmektedir. 1960'lı yıllara kadar Sultanhamam Caddes'inden de girişi olan yapının, kullanıcı müdahalesi ile girişin ticarethaneye çevrilmesi sonucu bu giriş kapatılmıştır. Özgün tasarımında bulunmayan avludaki iki katlı yapı ve dükkanların önündeki taşkın yapılar yapının özgün konturunu bozmuşsa da özgün tasarımı gözlemlemeye engel değildir. Yapı, inşa edildiği günden bugüne gerek çevre koşulları, imar faaliyetleri ve doğal afetler gerekse kullanıcı müdahalesi ile çeşitli onarımlar, yıkımlar geçirmiştir. 1935 yılından beri plansal açıdan çok büyük değişiklikler geçirmediği görülmüştür.1960 ve 1980 yılları arasında kullanıcılar tarafından yapıya büyük ölçekte hasar verilmiş , muhdes bodrumlar ve asma katlar yapılmıştır. 1996 yılında rölöve- restitüsyon ve restorasyon projeleri hazırlanmış ve ilgi koruma kuruluna sunulmuşsa da rölöve projesi dışınadaki projeler onaylanmamıştır. Tez çalışması kapsamında Aşir Efendi Han'ın mevcuttaki durumunu detaylı ve özenli bir şekilde belgelendirerek yapım yöntemi ve malzeme çeşitleri tespit edilmiş, yapının korunmasına yönelik kararların belirlenmesi gözlemlenmiştir. Yaklaşık 230 yıllık süreçte yapının ticaret fonksiyonuna sahip olması, bulunduğu bölgenin Türkiye'nin ticaret merkezi oluşu sebebiyle herhangi bir fonksiyon koruma önerisine gidilmemiştir. Yalnızca özgünlüğünü bozan eklerin ayıklanması ve yapının uzun yıllar yaşatılmasına yönelik onarım ve müdahaleler amaçlanmıştır.

Aşir Efendi Khan, which is the subject of the study, is located in Istanbul, Fatih district, Hobyar Quarter, between Aşir Efendi Street and Sultanhamam Street. The decision of the Supreme Council for Real Estate Antiquities and Monuments, dated 13.04.1969 and numbered 4553, was decided to be cultural heritage. The conservation group was determined as 2 by the Number 1 Cultural and Natural Property Board of Istanbul on 25.02.1998 and 9298 numbered. Aşir Efendi Han was built as a foundation for the library built by Şeyhülislam Aşir Efendi. Before the construction of the building, there were shops and bath in the same place and some of these buildings were used for the building without destroying. It can be said that south-east part of the building was destroyed in 1914 by the construction of Rıza Bey Khan , it became contemporary form as seen today. Building is in Adjacent order and in masonry structure, the courtyard is entered from Aşir Efendi Street. This entrance was closed as a result of the intervention of the entrance to the commercial building with the intervention of the users through the Sultanhamam Street. The two-storey building in the courtyard which is not in its original design and the flood structures in front of the shops have disturbed the original contour of the building but do not prevent the observation of the original design. Since the day it was built, the building has undergone various repairs and demolitions due to environmental conditions, zoning activities, natural disasters and user intervention. Since 1935, it has been seen that it has not undergone any major changes in the plan. In the years between 1970s and 1980s, large scale damage was done to the building by the users. In 1996, reconstitution and restoration projects were prepared and submitted to the board of protection, but the projects outside the survey project were not approved. Within the scope of the thesis study, construction method and material types were determined by determining the existing situation of Aşir Efendi Han in detail and carefully, and determination of decisions regarding the protection of the structure were observed. Archivel documents, aerial photos , maps from different periods have been examined for understand historical evaluation of the building. Nowadays , the building is an inn which mostly textile products are sold and retails are situated , and it's used in mostly original function. Architectural features of the Aşir Efendi Khan ; such as plan properties , façade details,construction system properties and ornamental details have been measured and examined. Traditional Ottoman courtyard plan of the Aşir Efendi Khan has been built with 18 th centruies archietctural style and technology. It can be named as a unique building as a plan layout and structural elements reminiscence of the era's technology. Researches and studies conducted , have been examined that the deteriorations suffered by the building and unique manner as a result of the evaluation of the traces deleted on the building. Aşir Efendi Khan have certain spatial deteriorations. Restitution proposals have been put forward in line with the conclusions obtained from all these detections and evaluations. In the proposed restitution project, a great effort has been put for conservation of the building's plan scheme, façades and bearing system properties as of the first construction date. A restoration project, adhering to the current function and not leaving the orginal in accordance with the traces on the buiilding, has been drawn up. With this restoration project, it is aimed to conserve the building without losing its orginal element and function. After defining current and past conditions of the buildings, restoration approaches have been shaped from the collected information and the problematic of historic conservation of these building has been discussed. In principle, traced original details based on restitution drawings are projected in restoration drawings. Restoration project aimed to improve physical conditions, purely and sensitively to the autenticity and originality of the buildings. Aşir Efendi Khan Inn, which is a quite interesting example in respect of being the one example with open courtyard constructed in 18th century, is particulary an attractive example also in respect of maintaining its function of that period it was built. This thesis, which covers the re-use and resemblance, is of great importance in terms of carrying the building into future generations.