İstanbul Adalet Yapılarının Mekânsal Analizi

Abstract

Tez çalışmasının çıkış noktası adalet yapılarının kentsel kamusal bir alan olup olmaması sorusu ile başlamıştır.Kamu ilişkisini, yapı – kamusal alan ilişkisi üzerinden okunma yapılması hedeflemiştir. İstanbul’da üç yeni adalet yapısı ele alınmaktadır. İlk olarak modern Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin ilk Adalet yapılarından biri olan Sultanahmet Adalet Sarayı incelenmesi ile başlayıp yakın dönemde inşa edilen üç adalet sarayının; Bakırköy Adalet Sarayı, Çağlayan Adalet Sarayı, Kartal Adalet Sarayı ölçeksel mekânsal kent ve kullanıcı ile kurdukları ilişki üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. İstanbul metropoliten alanında adalet yapılarının kent içindeki yerlerini tam olarak anlayabilmemiz için mimari ölçekten ve kentsel ölçekte bakmamız gerekmektedir. Bu tez adalet yapılarını kentsel ölçekte incelemesini yapıp dönemin kamusallık anlayışını incelerken aynı zamanda binaların mekân analizlerini de yaparak adalet yapılarının mekân özelliklerini incelemektedir. Birinci bölümde kamu hizmet yapılarından olan adalet binalarının kentle ilişkileri ve İstanbul’daki tarihçesi aktarılmaktadır. Erken dönem Cumhuriyet yapısı olan Sultanahmet Adalet Sarayı ile başlayan inceleme bu adalet yapısının kentle kurduğu ilişkinin irdelenmesinin ardından, yerli ve yabancı adalet yapılarının; mekânsal, sosyal ideolojisinin incelendiği literatür araştırmaları yapılmıştır. İkinci bölümde İstanbul’daki üç adalet yapısının kentte konumlanmaları irdelenmektedir. Metropol olan kentin, her iki kıtada büyümesi ve bunlara hizmet verecek kamu yapılarının görev paylaşımları ile kent coğrafyasında aldıkları yerler incelenmiştir. Bu üç adalet yapısının kent coğrafyasındaki yerleşimlerinde komşu olduğu yapı grupları ve kent dokusu ile ilişkileri aktarılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde adalet yapılarının yakın çevresi ile olan etkileşimleri ele alınmıştır. Yapıların alan ölçeğinde arazilerine ne şekilde yerleştikleri incelenmektedir. Bunun sonucunda adalet yapılarında yapı ve boşluklar ile kalan alanda ilişkisizlik vurgulanmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde adalet yapıları, bina ölçeğinde incelenmiştir. İnşa edilen üç adalet yapısınında rasyonel mekan anlayışına sahip bir şekilde, farklı mimarlar tarafından tasarlanıp inşa edilmesi bazı mekânsal benzerlikler ve farklılıklar yaratmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde kent ölçeğinde, alan ölçeğinde ve yapı ölçeğinde olmak üzere üç ayrı ölçekte kentle ilişkileri incelenen adalet yapıları hakkında varılan sonuçlar ele alınmış, adalet binalarının rasyonel yapı tipolojisi ve neo-liberal kentte kentsel kamusal mekanı üretme biçimleri ve kentsel kamusal mekan olan adalet yapılarının ortaklıkları üzerine tartışılmıştır.

Thesis, relative to the structure of Istanbul's three justice building positioned in the urban periphery, the urban scale is discussed with the investigation in the field of scale and space scale. This review process at the Justice building architects, open-ended interviews with users of the officers and employees of the justice building structure is made of Justice. Justice of the thesis with the spatial structure of motivation to start thanks to the appearance of the state where contact with the public, that the presence of space in the city has caused my thinking can not be explained by a functional state. This urban space is immaterial, have occurred in the city scale, the attitude taken against users against the city and also reflects the ideology. At the beginning of the study, the architectural spaces of the state, and cited as an example of ideological formation could consider my justice structures, the metropolis of the same functions, such as Istanbul, the example of building on different dates Çağlayan and the Sultanahmet Palace of Justice, Kartal and taken to the Bakırköy Courthouse. Close when the period compared to the built justice structures with similarities and early judicial construction of settlements in the city that were recognized structure - have changed the context of the relationship, the architecture of public buildings in this research neoliberal city and has directed changes to examine their publicity. For this reason, instead of looking at the justice building in Istanbul with an ideological lens in the spatial reading was redirected to look at the urban scale architecture as the higher scale to be able to read the new orientation of the neoliberal city. First described in the thesis to fulfill the judicial function over the desired date, by sharing their function over time in urban centers are multi-functional management structure regain their private spaces. With the change of the management structure of the city center features the concept of losing time and publicity and scale of urban growth and change the location of the metropolises acquisition forms are observed. This is especially noteworthy settle in the urban environment of the new structure with the scale of monumental grandeur. In this context, the meaning of justice building structural features are also inverted. This radical change of scale indication of the approach shown in the concept of justice and law sturdy? The basic question, whether this new structure of the spatial and semantic analysis possible with the evolving physical? Architect, what is the approach to the design of the justice structure? Besides this approach, what is the meaning of justice structures and architectural elements of the scalar size? This question of theses structures in the light of justice and focuses on spatial properties. In parallel, the justice spaces need not occur only in origin; In the same time the question is asked whether it overlaps with the features of parallel spaces metropolis of Istanbul features. As a direct result of reading can not be made in the 20th century, the ideology of Justice building space planning space; research could have a direct reading of the spatial political ideology. However, we accept that urban space is not an empty space free of symbolic meanings; non-political metropolis were found on the production of physical locations forming another ideological mentality that logic and evidence with regard chain. Close similarity of the building in the city of justice structures built in the period and in comparison with the early stages of the justice structure changes of the difference is the publics understanding of the architecture of public buildings in the neo-liberal city in this research and has directed changes to examine their publicity. Therefore, instead of looking at the structures of justice in Istanbul thesis with an ideological lens in the spatial reading was redirected to look at the urban scale architecture as the higher scale to be able to read the new orientation of the neoliberal city. The first part of the analysis of Justice spatial structure; The result of the change in the neoliberal approach and methods of modern city planning, addressed the highways and the distribution of the city's public spaces result in a change of transportation concepts and architectural walk to reach the loss of structure in the city. The historical process of the transformation of the metropolis Istanbul, the result of political and economic change in the mentality of Istanbul opening to global capital flows globally, distributed periphery to the center of public buildings in the city center has left the tourist or consumer spaces. Processes that result in scattered locations to find places edge mobile services in the city's main routes in the city have been investigated. The cause of the problem and the results observed up to the judgment based on the spatial analysis of the structure that justice is handled. In the second part; equity structure of the sessions in their areas, 'urban context' structure in the context of the neighborhood and the neighborhood environment with close relations were discussed. To examine their position in the physical mass of the urban fabric of Justice as well as the structure of the urban environment and spatial relationships they are located has been transferred to a schematic drawing. Residential structures were examined in their fields of justice structures were considered negative. This architecture of the area observed as a result of the construction beyond the critical size and no longer by taking irrelevance between context rather than an aesthetic appreciation of these structures; It has been observed from space can be read mathematical magnitude. In the third part; "Building scale in 'justice buildings examined the structure of the interior features is taken into space fiction, and environmental quality. The interior projection of formal state ideology becomes apparent that the situation was handled. Critical size through the planning of the monumental building in the city state of the field of justice has been observed as their rationality foreground. Grid systems, and the plans were found to be effective in this building fronts alike. Monumental scale structure in the interior and exterior dimensions of justice that is beyond the human scale floor and the floor. Starting out with the harmonization process with EU criteria, and all courthouses in the city as a result of this renewal of the discourse is planned to be carried out as a target by collecting together the ease of use. In this way, especially the delay of the judicial problems posed by dispersed equity structure and the elimination of workload as the problem and reducing the paper paperwork burden with developing technology judicial system's computer and technology network (UYAP) is planned to be integrated. Thriving metropolis that solves the problems of human transport as integrated into the transportation network, instead of integrating justice structures to create a site bringing together justice, it has legitimized the process of being built structures in mind the enormous scale users rationality. This new and unused idle or busy public buildings in the city in return for other purposes, with a planned area of use is provided by evaluating the opening of new areas of urban rent. Using all the power architecture performing structural changes on the city through this discourse, the political ideology, 'building' builds upon the presentation of the factor. Which was discovered during research another finding was representing the political ideology in architectural spaces, the justice building was built in the small town tracks while much more pronounced in large urban political ideology say the global neoliberal of the space itself representation of ideological referent has been shown to record the very presentation. Architects and architecture is seen here as a passive position to the active position now. It does not, by way of press release is intended to use the event to build their own propaganda. As a result of all of them, collecting all authority in the hands of power, and that the egalitarian structure built to prove the case to be equitable justice; square meter area, as does the size of the numerical value and figure out propaganda. This reductionism is an attempt to consolidate its grip on the language and write an email with the way his discourse on public broadcast media. However, the gap between language and structures built in the architectural spatial reality, the gap between the rhetoric and the language used for applications not addressed this ruling provides self hesitancy. That is exactly the image of ideology.