Elektronik (Bilgisayarlı) düz örme makinalarında desenlendirme üzerine bazı çalışmalar

Abstract

Bu çalışmada CNC kontrollü STDLL düz örgü makinelerinin desen programlarının hazırlanması incelenmiştir. Giriş bölümünün ardından desen hazırlama ve makine gelişiminin paralel olarak tarihi gelişimi ele alınmış ve günümüz makinelerinde desen hazırlamalarının temel prensiplerine değinilmiş ve ayrıca pratikte üretimin bu kademesinin bütün içindeki önemi vurgulanmıştır. Sonraki bölümde kullanılan makine ve bilgisayar sistemleri program için önemleri vurgulanarak tanıtılmıştır. Daha sonra hazırlanan örnekler tanıtılmış, son bölümde ise sonuçlara değinilmiştir. Ekler bölümünde programlamada kullanılan emirler ve hazırlanan numunelerin desen programları yer almaktadır.

In this work programming of the CNC controlled STDLL flat knitting machines is for the pattern prepa- ratin explained. Recently the flexibility and produc tivity of the machines become more important. Because of this the programming of the knitting machine for production of a sample is the first and most important step to control the production. The programming style did not change in time since the mechanical controlled machines, a jacquard design for needle selection and a program for controlling each course of the machine. The second one tells the machine what to do with each selected neddle. This logic come has today since the mechanical controlled machines of 5D years ago. The computer used in this work is a Mini Sirix. Thigs is a modification Silicon Gra;hics' Indigo. It has got a 33 MHz. IP1 2 microprocessor, 16 Mbyte main memory, 32 Mbytes of two cache memory, 540 Mbytes of a harddisk, a magnethic banddrive, a flascard drive, a 16" colour monitor, a NEC P9Q colour printer and a SELAN mteface unit for the ONLINE connection of the computer with the knitting machines. The computer works on a Unix similiar IRIX system, The programs used for programming the machines are: I- Paint is for drawing patterns in original colours in plot sizes. This is a type of jacquard programm but not for drawing' jacquard programms. II- Hacquard programm is used for drawing patterns for the pattern programm. vxxi difficult samples are also existing in this work. These are especially in CMS part. A1 D is a good example for large cables. Here far transferring the stitches, which travels as secandery stitches are knitted in ixi position. A1 2 is a new techique far making 6x6 cables. Here the transferring sequence is 6x3 and 6x3. In this method 6 stitches transferred firstly. Then is racked position the second three stitches are knitted. For this purpose the UJA 0 construction is used. A1 k is a typical aran and 2x2 cable motif. But in this example the machine knits in every course. This means there is no empty course for transferring. If we come to the intarsia patterns 13 is a good example for intarsia, packet and local work. The probleme are here the upper local working intarsia cables. The correction and control of yarnfeeders are here important. 15 is a multicolour intarsia pattern. Here for reducing af intersia yarnfeeders some two colour areas are knitted with one yarnfeeder. When the distance between two areas are high the yarn is tucked on the colour area in k or 5 needles. 17 is also a multicolour intarsia pattern with local work. The machine works this pattern in tandem farm. Because the count of yarnfeeders are too high some normal yarnfeeders are used as intarsia yarnfeeders and' the programm is changed so that the normal yarn- feeders did not need to swing. 19 This pattern is a example for single jersey intarsia jacquard sample. The colour changes between the colour areas are potential pablematical point. For salving this kind af problems the jacquard is designed carefully. The distance to miss are in every part af the pattern controlled. But also the control of yarnfeeders and the sides af the yarns which goes to the intarsia yarnfeeders are important. IT11 is a single jersey jacquard intarsia pattern with local work and frings. The production of frings are in this kind af machines are new. The problems which existe during the production are mostly the remaining stitches of frings. For salving this problem the knitted piece between the stitches of fring is transferred to the front firstly. After the cast off the stitch of fring the knitted piece in transferred back. 112 This is an intersia pattern with cables. The cable technique is changed for making the production rate higher. T1 is an example for local work. Here the used programming technique is the same like intarsia patterns. This helps to the programmer to tuck the first neddle when the yarnfeeder comes knit the selec ted needles. Jk is an example for double sided local work. This is a very problematical kind of local knit. For solving the problems here the structure and ranking of needles for knitting are changed. This kind of a work ends by the machine. The different ways of rankings can be selected to the patterns when we see them fit. TA5 Here the effect of sinkers can be seen. Because the first neddles in 1x1 local work area did not have knitted piece for a good begining after the first 1x1 row the 1x1 neddles in front knitted firstly. Then the ones in back are knitted and the real 1x1 work begins afther this. TB is also a good example for local work on 3 guage machines. Here for producing this double helical form the kick technique is used. This means the yarnfeeders are moved without knitting. F+F1 is a new look to the machines. A fully fashion collar with 3 needles of narrowin in a double sided R-R knitting structure. For making this sample passible the 3 stitches by the sides transferred one by one. The types of the knitted samples differs from the machine types, guages, material (yarn) and pattern. Because of this for a type of a pattern a lot of dif ferent programmes are made. As example when we look XI to the patterns we see different methods for making a cable. This different methods makes sometimes produc tivity higher, sometimes it makes working of a type of yarn on the machine. But this is not a part of a normal work of a departments chief. And because of this every year too much of loss of a material and working time in factorys. If a person works about production knitted pieces he has got to know at least the basical princips of knitting and making programmes of the samples. This work is detailed on this theme. The most importent parts of this work are the pattern programmes which exists at the last part of this work. If the differences are studyed carefully the production perfor mances could change in each factory remarkebely.