Haseki Hürrem Sultan Yapıları
Haseki Hürrem Sultan Yapıları
Dosyalar
Tarih
2012-12-25
Yazarlar
Kartal, Şehri
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Haseki Hürrem Sultan 16.yy’ın ilk yarısında Rusya yakınlarından Osmanlı Sarayı’na getirilmiş ve o dönemin padişahı Kanuni Sultan Süleyman’ın hasekisi olmuştur. Döneminin siyasi olaylarında, Şehzade Mustafa ve Sadrazam İbrahim Paşa’nın ölümünde aldığı roller açısından tartışılmıştır. Sahip olduğu birden fazla erkek çocuk doğurması, padişah ile evlenmesi, şehzadeleri ile birlikte sancağa gitmemesi ve Harem’i Yeni Saray’a (Topkapı Sarayı’na) taşıması ile çocuklarının sahip olduğu ayrıcalıklar ve veliaht kavgaları dönemin diğer ilgi çeken konuları olmuştur. Aslında Haseki Hürrem Sultan, mimari alanda da en az politik alanda olduğu kadar kendinden söz ettirecek öneme sahiptir. O, kendinden önceki saray kadınlarına nasip olmayan bir şeyi başarmış, başkent İstanbul’da, bulunduğu semte de adını verecek bir külliye yaptırmıştır. Üstelik bununla kalmamış, yine İstanbul’da başka yapılara, Edirne’de, Ankara’da, Aksaray’da, Konya’da, Mekke’de, Medine’de, Kudüs’te ve Bulgaristan’da birçok yapıya, ya da yapı topluluğuna adını vermiştir. VGM’den elde edilen dört adet vakfiyenin ve BOA belgelerinin ışığında, Haseki Hürrem Sultan’ın adını taşıyan bu yapılar incelenmiştir. Adını taşıyan imar çalışmaları arasında, baniliğini üstlendiği Avratpazarı’ndaki Haseki Sultan Külliyesi (1537-1551), Bahçekapı’daki Haseki Hamamı (1537-1540), Eminönü Daye Hatun Mahallesi’ndeki Kalcılar (Halıcılar) Hanı (1540), Ankara’daki Haseki Sultan Cami (1540), Mekke-Medine’de bulunan külliyeleri (1548-1552), Kudüs’te bulunan Haseki Sultan Külliyesi (1549-1557), Ayasofya Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı (1556), Edirne Haseki Suyolları (1556) gibi Osmanlı coğrafyasının dört bir yanına yayılmış yapılarının yanında, Haremeyn’deki Ayn-ı Zübeyde Suyolları (15??), Edirnekapı’daki Kariye Hankahı (1555-1556) gibi yapıların genişletme ya da onarımı da yer almaktadır. Bunun dışında İstanbul Kağıthane’deki Daye Hatun Külliyesi, İznik’teki Daye Hatun Mescidi, Ayvansaray’daki Toklu Dede Zaviyesi, Aksaray Acıpınar’daki Hasan Dede Zaviyesi, Denizli Sarımahmutlu’daki Şeyh Muhlisiddin (Merkez Efendi) Camisi ve Uşak’ta Şeyh Muhlisiddin’in oğlu Şeyh Ahmed’e ait zaviyeli cami gibi yapılar Haseki Hürrem Sultan’ın vakfına bağlanmış ve masrafları karşılanmıştır. Kanuni Sultan Süleyman tarafından da Topkapı Sarayı’nın Harem Dairesi genişleterek eşi Haseki Hürrem Sultan’ın ikameti için odalar tahsis ettirilmiş, vefatının ardından Süleymaniye Külliyesi’nin haziresine türbesi (1558) yaptırılmış ve sağlığında yaptırmayı planladığı Cisr-i Mustafa Paşa’daki külliyenin yapımı (1559-1560) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Haseki Hürrem Sultan, bu kadar geniş coğrafyaya bu kadar çok sayıda yapı yaptırması bakımından Osmanlı kadın dünyasında bir ilk, üstelik bunları ‘valide sultan’ sıfatını kullanmadan ‘hasekilik’ döneminde yaptırması açısından tektir. Yapıları ise, dönemin olayları ve Haseki Hürrem Sultan’ın her elde ettiği yeni bir ayrıcalık ile bağlantılı yapım tarihine sahip olması nedeni ile, yer seçimi, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman’ın desteği ve Mimar Sinan’ın denemelerinin bir parçası olması ile politik ve sanatsal anlamda değer kazanmıştır.
Haseki Hürrem Sultan was brought to the Ottoman Palace from Ukraine in the first half of the 16th century and became the haseki of this period’s sultan, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman. She has been a controversial figure due to the role she played in the deaths of Şehzade Mustafa and Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha among the political events of this era. The privileges enjoyed by her children and the heir apparent battles have been other topics of interest from that time period. In fact, Haseki Hürrem Sultan has sufficient significance in the architectural domain to attract as much attention as in the political domain. She achieved something unprecedented for the royal women and had a complex built in the capital, Istanbul, giving her name to the suburb containing it. Moreover, she did not remain restricted to this, and gave her name to other buildings within Istanbul as well as to buildings or complexes in Edirne, Ankara, Aksaray, Konya, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem and Bulgaria. Her buildings have been examined in the light of four waqfiyyas and archive documents obtained from the VGM and BOA. Among the Haseki Hürrem Sultan’s public works, there are charity buildings under her patronage such as Haseki Sultan Complex (1537-1551) close to the Avratpazarı in the capital of Istanbul, Haseki Hammam (1537-1540) in Bahçekapi, Kalcılar (Halıcılar) Khan (1540) in the suburb of Daye Hatun, Haseki Sultan Mosque in Ankara, complexes (1548-1552) in Mecca and Medina, Haseki Sultan Complex in Jerusalem, Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hammam (1556) close to the Hagia Sophia, Edirne Waterways (1556), and beside these, there are other charity buildings which were repaired or expanded such as Ayn Zubayda (Arafat Water Channels, 15??) and Kariye Khanqah (1555-1556) in Edirnekapı. The waqfs of Haseki Hürrem Sultan, alongside the charitable establishments ordered to be built by her, include the funds given to the structures built by those who gained the love of Haseki Hürrem Sultan: The Complex of Daye Hatun in Istanbul Kagithane, and Daye Hatun Mesjid in İznik, Toklu Dede Zaviyeh in Ayvansaray, Seyh Muhlisiddin (Merkez Efendi) Mosque in Denizli Sarimahmutlu, and a mosque with a zaviyeh of Şeyh Ahmed (son of Merkez Efendi) in Uşak are all small waqfs attached to the Haseki Hürrem Sultan’s waqfs. As for another buildings which were not built under Haseki Hürrem Sultan’s patronage, but built in the name of her; the tomb found in the cemetery of the Suleymaniye Complex was built for Haseki Hürrem Sultan by her spouse Suleiman the Magnificent after her death in 1558. Haseki Sultan Complex in Cisr-ı Mustafa Paşa /Bulgaria, which she had planned to have built while alive, was completed in 1559-60 again by Suleiman the Magnificent after her death. She was the first within the Ottoman women’s world in commissioning this many constructions within this extensive geography, and more so since she was the only one to have them built without using the title of ‘Valide Sultan’, during her ‘Haseki’ phase. Due to the events of the time, the correspondence of their construction dates to her attainment of each new power or privilege, choice of their location as well as being part of the experiments of Mimar Sinan, her structures have enhanced her political and artistic status.
Haseki Hürrem Sultan was brought to the Ottoman Palace from Ukraine in the first half of the 16th century and became the haseki of this period’s sultan, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman. She has been a controversial figure due to the role she played in the deaths of Şehzade Mustafa and Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha among the political events of this era. The privileges enjoyed by her children and the heir apparent battles have been other topics of interest from that time period. In fact, Haseki Hürrem Sultan has sufficient significance in the architectural domain to attract as much attention as in the political domain. She achieved something unprecedented for the royal women and had a complex built in the capital, Istanbul, giving her name to the suburb containing it. Moreover, she did not remain restricted to this, and gave her name to other buildings within Istanbul as well as to buildings or complexes in Edirne, Ankara, Aksaray, Konya, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem and Bulgaria. Her buildings have been examined in the light of four waqfiyyas and archive documents obtained from the VGM and BOA. Among the Haseki Hürrem Sultan’s public works, there are charity buildings under her patronage such as Haseki Sultan Complex (1537-1551) close to the Avratpazarı in the capital of Istanbul, Haseki Hammam (1537-1540) in Bahçekapi, Kalcılar (Halıcılar) Khan (1540) in the suburb of Daye Hatun, Haseki Sultan Mosque in Ankara, complexes (1548-1552) in Mecca and Medina, Haseki Sultan Complex in Jerusalem, Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hammam (1556) close to the Hagia Sophia, Edirne Waterways (1556), and beside these, there are other charity buildings which were repaired or expanded such as Ayn Zubayda (Arafat Water Channels, 15??) and Kariye Khanqah (1555-1556) in Edirnekapı. The waqfs of Haseki Hürrem Sultan, alongside the charitable establishments ordered to be built by her, include the funds given to the structures built by those who gained the love of Haseki Hürrem Sultan: The Complex of Daye Hatun in Istanbul Kagithane, and Daye Hatun Mesjid in İznik, Toklu Dede Zaviyeh in Ayvansaray, Seyh Muhlisiddin (Merkez Efendi) Mosque in Denizli Sarimahmutlu, and a mosque with a zaviyeh of Şeyh Ahmed (son of Merkez Efendi) in Uşak are all small waqfs attached to the Haseki Hürrem Sultan’s waqfs. As for another buildings which were not built under Haseki Hürrem Sultan’s patronage, but built in the name of her; the tomb found in the cemetery of the Suleymaniye Complex was built for Haseki Hürrem Sultan by her spouse Suleiman the Magnificent after her death in 1558. Haseki Sultan Complex in Cisr-ı Mustafa Paşa /Bulgaria, which she had planned to have built while alive, was completed in 1559-60 again by Suleiman the Magnificent after her death. She was the first within the Ottoman women’s world in commissioning this many constructions within this extensive geography, and more so since she was the only one to have them built without using the title of ‘Valide Sultan’, during her ‘Haseki’ phase. Due to the events of the time, the correspondence of their construction dates to her attainment of each new power or privilege, choice of their location as well as being part of the experiments of Mimar Sinan, her structures have enhanced her political and artistic status.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2012
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012
Anahtar kelimeler
Haseki Hürrem Sultan,
haseki,
kadın baniler,
Harem,
Kanuni Sultan Süleyman,
Mimar Sinan,
Klasik Dönem Osmanlı,
Haseki Hürrem Sultan,
khassaki,
architectural patronage of women,
Harem,
Suleiman the Magnificent,
Mimar Sinan,
Classical Ottoman Period