Şehir Kimliği : Amasya Örneği

Abstract

"Şehir Kimliği: Amasya Örneği" isimli tezin amacı, Amasya şehrinin şehirsel kimliğini oluşturan elemanları saptamak, tarihsel gelişim sürecinde ve günümüzdeki durumu değerlendirerek kimlik elemanlarının şehir planlama sürecinde değerlendirilmesi gereğinin önemini vurgulamaktır. Tez beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde tezin genel kapsamı anlatılmış, tezde ele alınan kavramlar üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde, çevre kavramından yola çıkılarak insan - çevre sistemi hakkında bilgi verilmiş, şehir kimliği, kimliği oluşturan bileşenler ve kimlikte değişime neden olan etkenler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, ikinci bölümde şehirsel kimlik hakkında yapılan değerlendirmeler ışığında Amasya'nın şehirsel kimliğini oluşturan elemanlar açıklanmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde, Amasya şehrinde şehirsel kimlik elemanlarını belirlemeye yönelik olarak yapılan araştırmanın bulguları ve sonuçlan değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda yapılan alan çalışması sonucu oluşturulan kimlik haritaları sunulmuştur. Beşinci bölümde, yapılan araştırma tez bütününde irdelenerek çıkan sonuçların önerilere yönelik değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.

The subject of this thesis is to analyse the importance of urban - environmental identity and its elements on the design and planning studies with examining the case of how Amasya municipality dwellers to define their surroundings and the whole urban area with which urban environmental elements. In the developing countries, today the most difficult problem is the increasing density of urban areas. Urbanization not means the increases in the number of cities and the increase of population that live in urban areas, but as well as the changing process that is seen through the movements and the relationships of the population. Because of natural increase of population and internal migration as well as the increase in the consumption of energy, row materials and land, cities and urban areas start to become places where environmental and cultural values are neglected, exhausted and where place identity is lost and psychological problems are increased. In this sense in this thesis, the aim is based on the establishment of the identical elements of the environment and urban layouts of the sample area Amasya that reflects the richness and the density of its social, cultural and physcial characteristics to its surroundings with testing the inhabitance with such studies will provide a map of identity that emphasize the main criteria that will direct the planners and designers in their urban studies and will provide messages to them by making an objective description of the urban area. The thesis is based on five chapters. In the first chapter the general concept of the thesis is explained and the concepts that are examined through the thesis are introduced. VIII In the second chapter, byfollowing the concept of environment, the man - enviroment interaction system is introduced and the identity of the cities and its elements are defined with introducing the changing agents of it. The system formed by man and environment is the dynamic formation and every element is related to each other. Identity is the extent to which a person can recognize or recall a place as being distinct from other places as having a vivid, or unique, or at least a particular, character of its own. Environmental identity can only be understood by "perception". This perception causes "first environmental picture" in mind, that is what we call "image". Elements of urban identity are sourced by natural, social and man made (built) environment. In other words, urban identity is a mosaic of environment reflecting the complex interaction of man made social, natural forces which are responsible for creating a distinctive identity. In the third chapter, the elements of the urban identity which are discussed theoroticaly in the second chapter are applied and tested on the sample area of Amasya, and the elements of identity in Amasya are introduced. The natural, social and man-made environmental characteristics of Amasya has played a great role in the selection of this study. According to the purpose of the research, 13 local areas that show a development in the center of Amasya are selected. The inhabitance of that sample area are interviewed in order to establish the identical elements of their environment. The dwellings are placed hear the narrowest valley of Yeşili rmak, and has a capacity of 20.290 population. The sample area that is examined has 5.270 residence. A systematic random sampling has been used to select dwellings. During the interviews the head of household of the families are used as the interviewees. IX The factors that play an effective role in the selection of local areas - the first developed settlements in the walley after the ancient times, - content in conservation area, - functioned as city center through the historical process, in order to have the main identified elements of the city. The second step of the analysis is the selection of the streets. In order to define the elements of identity in Amasya, the city, is examined in the scale of local areas and streets. The factors that play effective role in the selection of streets: The streets have to - be placed in the selected local areas and serve to at least one of them - served as a linkage Density of used in the transportation system is also a main criteria in the determination of this selection. In chapter The interviewee is asked to o define the identity of himself o define the environmental relationships o define the identity of his residence o define the elements of identity in the city o define the elements of identity in his near surroundings Addition to this the elements of identity in the streets in that local area that he is living is asked. 88.75 % of interviewees are the local people of Amasya. This results shows that the interviewees have the ability of explaining the elements of identity through their city and their local areas with an objective eye and have the ability of explaining the changes in that subject. In the fifth chapter the results that has been provided from the interviewes in the sample area are tested. The findings that are provided from questionnaires introduce the identical map of the sample area Amasya within the identical environmental elements. The interviewees defined the man-made built environment such as mosque and tomb as the common positive elements of identity in their local areas. Since such buildings as mosque and tomb has a spiritiual, visual and architectural aspects in Turkish culture this result can be connected to this cultural effect. The interviewees are also asked to define the negative elements of identity through their local areas, and the answers gathered on three subjects. First, the negative results of wasting elements second the lack of infrastructure and the third, the risks that the main road made up. The interviewees are asked to define the elements of identity in their roads (streets) in the last part of questionnaire. In that part again the interviewees are defined the man-made built environment elements such as mosque, tomb and public buildings as the positive elements of identity in their roads. Finally, according to the findings that are provided from the questionnaire that is asked to the local people of the sample area of Amasya in a substantial way of research. By following systematic scale, the elements of urban identity of Amasya are introduced and the tie elements between the past and the future, also in between urban generations as well, are defined. With such studies will provide a map of identity that emphasize the main criteria that will direct the planners and the designers in their urban studies and will provide messages in their future works.