Kapı otomasyon sistemlerinin konteyner terminallerinde kapı operasyonlarının verimliliğine etkisinin incelenmesi
Kapı otomasyon sistemlerinin konteyner terminallerinde kapı operasyonlarının verimliliğine etkisinin incelenmesi
Dosyalar
Tarih
2012-03-05
Yazarlar
Günay, Gizem
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Günümüzde ulaştırma sektörü, dünya ekonomisi, pazar açılımları ve teknolojinin gelişmesinin etkisiyle büyümüştür. Ulaştırma sistemleri eşya ve yolcu hareketleri göz önüne alındığında küresel ekonominin temel bileşeni olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, ulaştırma sektörü de ihtiyaçların karşılanması açısından büyük bir pazar haline gelmiştir. Günümüz rekabet ortamında hizmet veren her işletme çalıştıkları alanda uzmanlıklarını ortaya koymak durumundadır. Bunun aksi söz konusu olduğunda, işletmelerin uzun ömürlü olma şansı azalmaktadır. Yıllar içerisinde hizmet sektörünün önemli basamaklarından biri olan ulaştırma sektöründe ürün çeşitliliği, taşınabilecek kapasite, hız, güvenlik ve esneklik açısından verimli olabilmek için uygun yükler için konteynerizasyonun önemi de artmıştır. Konteyner taşımacılığının artması ile birlikte konteyner terminal işletmeleri rekabet ortamında tercih edilebilir olmak için son gelişmeleri takip edip, bunları hayata geçirmektedirler. Tüm işletmeler işlemlerin düzenli yürütülebilmesi için operasyon süreçlerine ayrılmıştır. Limanda bulunulan toplam dolaşım ve kullanım sürelerini en aza indirmek servis kalitesi ile birleştiğinde çevre limanlara göre daha tercih edilebilir olmayı getirdiğinden liman işletmeleri de bu konu ile ilgili teknik ve idari donanımları kendi konum ve olanakları dahilinde uygulamak istemektedirler. Konteynerin terminalde dolaşımının başladığı yer terminal kapısıdır. Bu çalışmada; konteyner terminal kapı girişinde kullanılan otomasyon sistemlerinden RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification System) teknolojisi ve Otomasyon sistemi kullanılmayan kapı girişi için zaman verisi karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Veri karşılaştırılmasının yapılmasında Arena Version 11.0 simülasyon programı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, gerçeğe en yakın sonucu alabilmek için 30 adet senaryo üretilmiş ve Türkiye?de RFID sistemini uygulayan bir liman bulunmadığından; dünyada bu sistemi kullanan bir limanın süre verileri ile Türkiye?de bulunan ve herhangi bir otomasyon sistemi kullanmayan limanlarda kapı operasyonu süre verileri ile karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Üretilen senaryoların sonuçları incelendiğinde, RFID sistemi kullanılan kapının, gişeyi daha az meşgul ederek en kısa servis sürelerini verdiği görülmüştür. Buna karşın otomasyon sistemi kullanmayan kapı girişlerinde işlemler, sistemlere tek tek girildiğinden uzun zaman almaktadır. Bu çalışma;sürekli yenilenen denizcilik standartlarına uyma çabası içerisindeki limanların kendi kapasitelerini göz önüne alarak kullanabilecekleri bir kadar destek sistemi oluşturmayı amaçlamıştır.
Today, transport sector has enlarged within the world economy, market expansion and the effect of technological improvements. Consideration of movements of goods and passenger transportation systems appear fundamental component of the global economy. In addition to that, to meet those needs the transportation sector has become a great market as well. In today's competitive environment, every serving business organization has to demonstrate their expertise in their field. In the contrary case, business organizations? chance of being long-lasting decreases. Over the years, the importance of containerization for suitable goods has increased regarding product range, carrying capacity, speed, safety and flexibility in the transportation sector which are the significant digits of the service sector. Container terminal administrations has been following recent developments and they put into practice these developments in order to be preferred in the competitive environment regarding increase of the container transportation. All business organizations is divided into operating processes for the conduct of operations. Since minimization of the total cycle and occupancy time brings to be preferable more than adjacent ports when combined with service quality, port administrations would like to implement these technical and administrative equipments within their own position and possibilities. The entrance of container is the initial stage of container movement. In this study, the time series of entrance automation system with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification System) Technology and the gate with non- automation system are compared. The data comparison is made by using Arena Version 11.0 simulation system. In the study, 30 scenarios are created in order to obtain the most realistic results. Simulation is used in this study due to its benefits such as strengths in practice against other methods in this case. Due to RFID system is not used by ports in Turkey, time data of an other international port is used to compare time datas of a non-automated gates of a Turkish port in this study. When analyzing the created scenario results, it is seen that the gate using RFID system gives the shortest service and queue time by less booth occupation. On the other hand, since datas are loaded one by one procedure takes long time at the gate with non-automation system. This study aims to design a decision support system that ports making effort to comply the refreshing maritime standards by considering their port capacity. This study has six chapters as follows: The first chapter aims to describe the shipping environmental frame to understand world competitive situation. Also it contians literature studies regarding container systems, simulation systems at ports. The second chapter is divided into four sections to describe the study in the general frame. The first section presents container terminal operations definitions as ship operations, shore operations, gate operations and CFS operations. The second section is an introduction to flowchart of the gate operations at Turkish ports. The third section of this chapter is the main line for the description of the radio frequency identification system by using automated gate sytems introduction. This section contiains identification and recognition, information management and custumor services as the main parts of the radio frequency identification systems, general process view, some problems during the proccess, placement of the equipments etc. The last section of this chapter simulation is examined. The third chapter contains scenarios creating processes and datas collecting processes. Regarding comparison, data collection process is used in scenarios as non automated gate systems datas and automated gate systems datas. Non-automated data collecting process runned for the three Turkish ports. Automated collecting datas provided from a foreign port in consequence of the automed gate systems is not used by Tukish ports. After collecting datas, the datas pun into Arena Input Analyzer to specify distributions to be used in the scenarios. Non automated gate system scenarios factors are pre-notification ratios as respectively 75%, 85%, 95%. Automated gate system scenarios factors are radio frequency identification ratios as respectively 90%, 95%, 99%, booth numabers as 3,4,5, and pre-notification ratios as respectively 75%, 85%, 95%. Totally, thirty scenarios runned in the Arena Simulation Program. The forth chapter describes how to use Arena Simulation Program in detail. It begins with the Arena Program Procedures such as Input Analyzer, Output Analyzer, Scenario Manager and Arena Viewer and continues with the basic blocks such as Create, Decide, Process, Dispose, Assign, Record and variables such as entity, resource, queue. including snapshots of the program. In the fifth chapter results of the scenarios shown in the graphics and charts. Automated gate systems time results are more beneficial than the non automated gate systems time results. In the final and the conclusion chapter, after observing the results in the fifth chapter 78% time will saved by the port autorithies is used radio frequency identificatiın systems. The radio frequency identification systems have high installation costs than the non automated gate systems. Instead of this radio frequency identification systems need less operating costs and with the developments in the technology the installation and operating costs would be reduced day by day. These kind of technological developments may solve the problems in the radio frequency identification systems. Radio frequency identification systems is forenamed technologies in the container tracking systems. Container terminal port autorhities should use the technologies like radio frequency identification systems to be more secure, more under control, more preferable. Radio frequency identification systems would developed vintegration with the remote sensing solutions. As a consequnce ineffectual time would be reduce in the all transportation system. As a result, container tracking systems become a trade trend and necessity for customers and port authorities.
Today, transport sector has enlarged within the world economy, market expansion and the effect of technological improvements. Consideration of movements of goods and passenger transportation systems appear fundamental component of the global economy. In addition to that, to meet those needs the transportation sector has become a great market as well. In today's competitive environment, every serving business organization has to demonstrate their expertise in their field. In the contrary case, business organizations? chance of being long-lasting decreases. Over the years, the importance of containerization for suitable goods has increased regarding product range, carrying capacity, speed, safety and flexibility in the transportation sector which are the significant digits of the service sector. Container terminal administrations has been following recent developments and they put into practice these developments in order to be preferred in the competitive environment regarding increase of the container transportation. All business organizations is divided into operating processes for the conduct of operations. Since minimization of the total cycle and occupancy time brings to be preferable more than adjacent ports when combined with service quality, port administrations would like to implement these technical and administrative equipments within their own position and possibilities. The entrance of container is the initial stage of container movement. In this study, the time series of entrance automation system with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification System) Technology and the gate with non- automation system are compared. The data comparison is made by using Arena Version 11.0 simulation system. In the study, 30 scenarios are created in order to obtain the most realistic results. Simulation is used in this study due to its benefits such as strengths in practice against other methods in this case. Due to RFID system is not used by ports in Turkey, time data of an other international port is used to compare time datas of a non-automated gates of a Turkish port in this study. When analyzing the created scenario results, it is seen that the gate using RFID system gives the shortest service and queue time by less booth occupation. On the other hand, since datas are loaded one by one procedure takes long time at the gate with non-automation system. This study aims to design a decision support system that ports making effort to comply the refreshing maritime standards by considering their port capacity. This study has six chapters as follows: The first chapter aims to describe the shipping environmental frame to understand world competitive situation. Also it contians literature studies regarding container systems, simulation systems at ports. The second chapter is divided into four sections to describe the study in the general frame. The first section presents container terminal operations definitions as ship operations, shore operations, gate operations and CFS operations. The second section is an introduction to flowchart of the gate operations at Turkish ports. The third section of this chapter is the main line for the description of the radio frequency identification system by using automated gate sytems introduction. This section contiains identification and recognition, information management and custumor services as the main parts of the radio frequency identification systems, general process view, some problems during the proccess, placement of the equipments etc. The last section of this chapter simulation is examined. The third chapter contains scenarios creating processes and datas collecting processes. Regarding comparison, data collection process is used in scenarios as non automated gate systems datas and automated gate systems datas. Non-automated data collecting process runned for the three Turkish ports. Automated collecting datas provided from a foreign port in consequence of the automed gate systems is not used by Tukish ports. After collecting datas, the datas pun into Arena Input Analyzer to specify distributions to be used in the scenarios. Non automated gate system scenarios factors are pre-notification ratios as respectively 75%, 85%, 95%. Automated gate system scenarios factors are radio frequency identification ratios as respectively 90%, 95%, 99%, booth numabers as 3,4,5, and pre-notification ratios as respectively 75%, 85%, 95%. Totally, thirty scenarios runned in the Arena Simulation Program. The forth chapter describes how to use Arena Simulation Program in detail. It begins with the Arena Program Procedures such as Input Analyzer, Output Analyzer, Scenario Manager and Arena Viewer and continues with the basic blocks such as Create, Decide, Process, Dispose, Assign, Record and variables such as entity, resource, queue. including snapshots of the program. In the fifth chapter results of the scenarios shown in the graphics and charts. Automated gate systems time results are more beneficial than the non automated gate systems time results. In the final and the conclusion chapter, after observing the results in the fifth chapter 78% time will saved by the port autorithies is used radio frequency identificatiın systems. The radio frequency identification systems have high installation costs than the non automated gate systems. Instead of this radio frequency identification systems need less operating costs and with the developments in the technology the installation and operating costs would be reduced day by day. These kind of technological developments may solve the problems in the radio frequency identification systems. Radio frequency identification systems is forenamed technologies in the container tracking systems. Container terminal port autorhities should use the technologies like radio frequency identification systems to be more secure, more under control, more preferable. Radio frequency identification systems would developed vintegration with the remote sensing solutions. As a consequnce ineffectual time would be reduce in the all transportation system. As a result, container tracking systems become a trade trend and necessity for customers and port authorities.
Açıklama
Anahtar kelimeler
Denizcilik,
Marine,
Container terminals,
Konteyner terminalleri