Antalya-Kemer'de Turizm Mekanına Planlamanın Etkileri

Abstract

Turistik ürün sunabilen yerleşme alanı içinde ve dışında, bölgeyi ziyaret eden turistin gereksinim duyacağı kentsel ihtiyaçların, turizmin ekonomik-sosyal ve çevresel etkileri gözönünde tutularak koruma-kullanma dengesi içinde fizik mekana yansıması incelenmiştir. Araştırmada turizm mekanına planlamanın etkileri, planlama ihtiyacı, süreci ve planlamayı yönlendiren politikaların hangi niteliklere sahip olması gerektiği üzerinde durulmuştur. Güney Antalya Turizm Gelişim Projesi uygulamasında ortaya çıkan planlama ve uygulama sonuçlan doğrultusunda bölgedeki dört belediyenin planlamaya yaklaşımları bire bir anket yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, turistik bölgelerde planlamanın vazgeçilmez bir unsur, planın ise ödünsüz olarak uygulandığında doğal kaynakların ve çevrenin tahribatım en az düzeyde tutacak bir araç olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Planlama hiyerarşisinde yukarıdan inme yaklaşım ve çözümler, planlamanın hiçbir boyutuna katılmayan belediyelere birçok sorumluluk yüklemekte ve sonuçlarına katlanmakta yöre halkına düşmektedir. Belediyelerin planlamanın her boyutunda yer alması ve katkıda bulunması, planın uygulamasında çıkacak engellerin daha kolay çözümlenebileceği sonucuna ulaştırmıştır.

In Part One, the impacts of tourism planning to the tourism spatial which are required in order to provide that the touristic products which tourism needs can reach at an economical value were examined. The works made in the settling sites in the Area of The South Antalya Tourism Development Project were mentioned In Part Two, giving the details of concept of Tourism Planning, it was handled that what the aims and goals of it are and should be, the stages which should be followed, and the components which should be considered in the process of planning, with the data about why the planning is required and its importance. Although it is difficult to generalize principles for urban tourism planning, the aims of it is that, arrangements for participating in both national and international level, providing facilities for physical and psychological relaxation, establishing the feasible infrastructure and superstructure for the tourism's requirements, determining the regions to be developed, getting the advantage of effect that tourism has on the regional development, bringing new arrangements for accommodation, making out possibilities for extending the tourism period, providing new goals, means and facilities for tourism. The importance of having a state policy in the same direction with the general strategies of country was presented in the perspective of tourism sector. The place, regional content and magnitude of the tourism spatial, in planing was mentioned. The socio-economic dimension of the environmental impacts and of the factors which have impacts on this region was examined. XI necessities for maintaining the resources regarding to nature and tourism. To regulate the balance of concentration-allocation which is provided from the economical-social aspect, with the ecological measures and to determine and to follow the application strategies and policies refer to the importance physical planning in tourism. The Tourism Policies and the planning understanding of the Ministry of Tourism, the stages of it within the historical process and the role of tourism policies in last ten years in our country were talked. Tourist who reaches, gives the value of a spatial to every point. It is possible to convert this site into an operation in Rural and Urban sites. Because, that this operation has been loaded with a urban service is not depended on the magnitude of the site and the variations of touristic products. The close relation between tourism and environment and the inability of recognizing the potential impacts of it in advance, cause the destruction of natural sources which are qualified as the basic resources. Various negative factors which reflect to urban sites such as architectural pollution cause the irregularities in urban dimension and the limping in the municipal services (health, sanitary, security etc.) The construction plans and stages of building and approval have been connected to specific rules and regulations with the laws and decrees. In our country, in the touristic regions, areas and centers, the rights of plan obtaining, authority and execution were in various organs. This situation which harms to the entirety of planning makes the municipalities liable for different aspects. The 1/25000 and 1/5000 scale master land use plans drawn up in Turkey, in their broadest definition, indicate with a systematic approach to what was a land may be allocated in a specific area. The 1/1000 scale implementation plans may be part of a previously endorsed Master Plan. According to Act. No 3194 on Construction, the implementation plans are drawn up on endorsed. Cadastral divisions if available, are also indicated on such maps, which are endorsed by the municipalities if relating to municipal and adjacent areas and by the provincial governments if relating to other areas. According to Act. No 2634 on the Encouragement of Tourism has introduced a number of new facilities with regard to land acquisition for tourism investment purposes applicable in the Touristic Regions, Touristic Areas and Touristic Centers set up and xm The contributions of the responsibilities and authorities of the municipalities, in the touristic regions, centers and areas to the project of planning and the legal structures of those were surveyed. Tourism Planning emerged as an instrument which is used in order to determine the precautions to be taken and the resources to be used for reaching at the optimum goals in tourism and in order to reflect a realistic harmony which is based on a global analysis among the goal-resource-precaution depending on the political regime and economic system of that country, on a physical site. The urban tourism plan should be prepued as part of the urban comprehensive plan or central area redevelopment plan to achieve maximum integration of tourism development and logical resolution of any conflicting land uses. The procedure for tourism planning requires first a survey, land use mapping, and evaluating of the primary and secondary tourist attractions, a market analysis and establishment of market targets related to the attractions and any regional relationship and consideration of whether improvements are required to the existing attractions. Also important to evaluate is the overall environmental character and quality of the urban or town environment including:. Its visual quality of architectural style and character. Extent of parks, open space, and landscaping. Views and vistas offered. Extent of traffic and pedestrian congestion. Cleanliness of the environment and extent of littering. Any serious problems of air, water and noise pollution. Any difficult climatic patterns. The extent and type of crime and the general level of public safety. Preparing the new settling units which appeared and shall appear as a result of Tourism Planning and its application, for future changing reveals the need for planing to minimize the disputes which arised and shall arise in the site with the socio-economic operations and to create the foreign economy depended on the features of the sector are the xu declared upon the recommendation of the Ministry of Tourism and by decision of the Council of Ministers. In such areas to endorse master land use plans is vested, the competent authority to endorse the 1/1000 scale implementation plans is the Ministry of Tourism. The Ministry of Tourism uses its power to endorse implementation plans for places in touristic areas and touristic centers in accordance with a decision of the Municipal Council, if such a place is located within municipal borders and adjacent areas, or in accordance with a decision of the Provincial Administration Council of the Provincial Government, if subject place is located elsewhere. In Part Three, the stages of the South Antalya Tourism Development Project in the historical process was examined with the planning results which is reflected on tourism spatial which exist in the settling units in project area. With its contributions to the laws and decrees which Turkish Tourism Sector needs, the South Antalya Tourism Development Project which is the first integral tourism project of our country including planning, programming, finance and management has a big share in making the tourism an alternative sector. The settling centers of Kemer, Çamyuva, Göynük and Beldibi which included in the limits of project were presented and the results of planning and application which were made until now, were mentioned with their touristic potentials and attractiveness. In Part Four, in the municipalities of Kemer, Çamyuva, Göynük and Beldibi face-to face inquiries were made. With an inquiry consisting of five parts including General Information about Municipalities, Planning Works, Applications of Plan, Planning Problems, Problems of Administration and Authority, the true - correct - reliable answers were looked for. By showing together the answers were given to the questions by us in four municipalities in the form of comparison, they were evaluated. In Part Five, the conclusions at which the survey reached and the offers were presented,. XIV According to the results of inquiries, despite it was told that there left no area lack of planning decision in the area of The South Antalya Tourism Development Project, that there exist unlicensed buildings and occupations in the areas of inside and outside the settling centers of Çamyuva, Göynük and Beldibi is depended on the pact that the region has a late planning and control mechanisms in constructive applications of the region. Sometimes, the come problems occur between the municipalities and the ministry of Tourism in the stages of planning and application in the region. This fact and the understanding of planning from above by the Ministry give way to reactions. The conclusions which were obtained as follows; the Municipalities of Çamyuva, Göynük and Beldibi shall come face to face with great discomforts and difficulties in planning and its applications in following five year, new settling areas which shall be opened for construction and consuming of natural sources shall increase; the pressure for a second house shall not be inhibited, the variety of touristic products in the region shall decrease, touristic service areas which show a linear improvement on the coastal band shall increase, the daily areas which the public uses shall be disappeared. It seems impossible for the municipalities in the region to resist against the pressures which shall exist in the form of distribution of land ranting with its available technical staff. For this reason, the Regional Project Directorate which is connected to the Ministry of Tourism and execute the coordination between the local municipalities should be re established in Kemer in a short time and all authorities of making construction plans and execution of these (except for approval) should be given to this institute.