Sol-jel Daldırma Yöntemi İle Hazırlanan Modifiye Titanyum Dioksit Tabanlı Filmlerin Yapısal Ve Optik Özellikleri
Sol-jel Daldırma Yöntemi İle Hazırlanan Modifiye Titanyum Dioksit Tabanlı Filmlerin Yapısal Ve Optik Özellikleri
Dosyalar
Tarih
2015-07-09
Yazarlar
Jalali, Houman Bahmani
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science And Technology
Institute of Science And Technology
Özet
Bu çalışmada sol-gel dip-coating yöntemi ile çeşitli modifiye titaniyum dioksit tabanlı filmler hazırlanmış ve yapısal ve optik özellikleri karakterize edilmiştir. Modifiye titanyum dioksit olarak metal katkılı, ametal katkılı, metal-ametal katkılı, gümüş dekoreli ve kompozit filmler sol-jel yöntemi ile hazırlanmıştır. Moleküler ön başlatıcıların hidroliz ve kondenzasyonuna dayanan sol- jel sentezi, inorganik malzemeler hazırlamak için geniş bir yelpazede kullanılmaktadır. Sol- jel tekniği hem inorganik hem de organik-inorganik hibrit polimerlerin elde edilmesinde çok kullanışlı bir yöntemdir. Bu tekniğin temel avantajı tüm prosesin oldukça ılımlı koşullarda yürütülmesidir. Katı hal proseslerinin aksine sol- jel prosesi, son ürüne ön başlatıcı türlerinin dönüşümü sırasında reaksiyon yolunda moleküler seviyede kontrol imkânı sunmaktadır. Böylece sol- jel prosesi, çok yüksek saflık ve homojenlikte, uniform kristal morfolojisinde ve iyi tanımlanmış nanopartiküllerin sentezine olanak sağlar. Sol- jel kimyası, bir yandan suyun ligand oluşturma ve çözücü olarak çift rolü ve metal oksit ön başlatıcılarının suya karşı reaktivitesinden dolayı, ve diğer yandan sentez protokolünün iyi tekrarlanabilirliğini sağlamak için sıkı bir şekilde kontrol edilmesi gereken reaksiyon parametrelerinin çok sayısında olması (metal alkokst ön başlatıcılarının hidroliz ve kondenzasyon hızı, pH, sıcaklık, karıştırma yöntemi, oksidasyon hızı, vb.) nedeniyle oldukça karmaşık bir prosestir. Bu nedenle derlemenin ana hedefi sol-jel prosesinin temel prensibini anlatmak ve proseste etkili olan parametreleri irdelemektir. Bu yöntem atmosferik durumlarda ve kontrol altındaki sıcaklıklarda bir alt tabakanın belirlenmis bir hızda hazırlanan çözeltinin içine daldırılıp geri çekilmesiyle kaplama yapılan bir yöntemdir. Daldırma sırasında alt tabakanın sarsıntısız ve oldukça düzgün hareketi sağlanmalıdır. İnce ve düzgün kaplama akıcı bir yüzeye, alt tabakanın minimum titreşimine ve doğru hız kontrolüne bağlıdır. Kaplama kalınlığı esas olarak çekiş hızı, katının kalınlığı ve sıvının akışkanlıgına bağlı olarak tanımlanır. Alkol gibi çözücülerle yapılan kaplamalarda, süzülme safhasına gerek yoktur. Hareket halindeki taşıyıcı, sole daldırıldığı an akışkanlar mekaniği gereği kaplama alanı üzerinde sol ihtiva eden bir sınır tabaka olusur. Kaplama ve süzülme aşamasında sözü edilen sınır tabaka, iç tabaka ve dış tabaka olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır. İç tabaka tasıyıcı ile birlikte hareket ederken dış tabaka ters yöne dogru hareket ederek sole geri döner. Filmin kalınlığı aşağı ve yukarı hareket eden tabakaları ayıran ana akıntının şiddetine bağlıdır. Ametal katkılı titanyum dioksit olarak nitrojen katkılı TiO2 filmleri sol-jel yöntemi ile hazırlanmış ve titanyum diyoksitin yapısal ve optik özellikleri üzerinde nitrojen katkısı ve katkı konsantrasyonunun etkisi incelenmiştir. Nitrojen katkı konsantrasyonu arttıkça band-gap değerinin düşmediği gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca nitrojen katkısının kristal yapıya etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Metal katkılı titanyum dioksit olarak demir katkılı TiO2 filmleri sol-jel yöntemi ile hazırlanmış ve titanyum dioksitin yapısal ve optik özellikleri üzerinde demir katkısı ve katkı konsantrasyonunun etkisi incelenmiştir. Demir katkı konsantrasyonu arttıkça band-gap değerinin düşdüğü gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca demir katkısı kristal yapıya etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Metal katkılı titanyum dioksit olarak gümüş katkılı TiO2 filmleri sol-jel yöntemi ile hazırlanmış ve titanyum dioksitin yapısal ve optik özellikleri üzerinde gümüş katkısı ve katkı konsantrasyonunun etkisi incelenmiştir. Gümüş katkı konsantrasyonu arttıkça band-gap değerinin düşmedüğü gözlenmiştir. Metal ametal çift katkılı titanyum dioksit olarak nitrojen demir çift katkılı TiO2 filmleri sol-jel yöntemi ile hazırlanmış ve titanyum dioksitin yapısal ve optik özellikleri üzerinde katkısı ve katkı konsantrasyonunun etkisi incelenmiştir. Katkı oranlarının titanyum dioksitin yapısal ve optik özelliklerine etkili olduğu görünmüştür. Kompozit titanyum dioksit olarak TiO2 @ ZnO kompozit filmleri sol-jel yöntemi ile hazırlanmış ve titanyum/çinko oranının optik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir.
In this study, several modified titanium dioxide films were prepared via sol-gel dip-coating method and their structural and optical properties were investigated. Several forms of modified TiO2 films such as metal doped TiO2, nonmetal doped TiO2, metal-nonmetal co-doped TiO2, silver decorated TiO2 and composite TiO2 were prepared and characterized. Firstly, pure titanium dioxide sol was prepared following optimized sol recipe. Prepared sol was transparent, homogeneous and no precipitation was occurred. Pure TiO2 thin film was prepared by sol-gel dip-coating method and its structural and optical characterizations were investigated. It was seen that the crystal structure of pure TiO2 thin film was fully anatase. The XPS survey shows that position of the Ti 2p3/2 peak is close to the reported value by reference and the oxidation level of titanium is +4 as expected. The SEM image reveals that pure TiO2 sample has a homogeneous structure with a particle size between 20 nm and 30nm. The optical absorption edge of the pure TiO2 sample is around 350 nm. The band-gap value was calculated using UV transmission data by Tauc plot method. The band gap of pure TiO2 is about 3.55 eV, which is higher than the reported band gap value for crystalline anatase TiO2. We have prepared nitrogen doped TiO2 thin films via so-gel method as nonmetal doped TiO2 and the effect of nitrogen doping and dopant concentration on structural and optical characterization of TiO2 were studied. It was found that increasing the dopant concentration doesn’t decrease the band-gap value and have no effect on crystal structure. Sample doped with 1.5 wt% nitrogen has lowest band-gap value. Iron doped TiO2 thin films with different dopant concentration were prepared and the effect of iron doping and dopant concentration on structural and optical properties of TiO2 were investigated. It was concluded that the band-gap value is decreasing by increasing the dopant concentration. The absorption edge of sample doped with 3 wt% iron relies on visible light region. Silver doped TiO2 thin films with different dopant concentration were prepared and the influence of silver doping and dopant concentration on structural and optical characterization of TiO2 were investigated. The optical absorbance of Ag-doped TiO2 thin films state that the wavelength of the absorption edge does not increase by increasing the dopant concentration. The absorption edge of silver doped samples rely on UV region. We studied three different 3 wt% nitrogen-iron co-doped TiO2 films with different dopants ratio and results are compared with pure TiO2 film. The resulting sols were homogeneous and transparent and no precipitation was observed in any of them. It was seen that dopants ratio changes the opacity of prepared samples and sample with medium dopants concentration was opaque in a short time after dip-coating process. It was found that the dopants ratio has effect on the crystal structure, microstructure, surface morphology and optical properties of the resulting films. Sample with medium dopants concentration has amorphous structure and bigger particle size. We also found that crystalline structure, surface morphology and its optical properties are dependent on dopants ratio of N-Fe co-doped TiO2 films. Silver decorated TiO2 films were prepared. Firstly pure TiO2 thin films were prepared as mentioned above and were dip-coated in silver nitrate aqueous solution. The idea of the preparation of Silver decorated TiO2 films was the photo-decomposition and thermal-decomposition of silver nitrate to metal silver. Several photo-decomposed and thermal-decomposed have been prepared and their optical and structural properties were studied and compared. The surface elemental analysis of photo-decomposed sample reveals the presence of titanium and oxygen element as expected and the silver amount is around 7 atomic percent. Although the surface elemental analysis of thermal decomposed sample shows the presence of titanium and oxygen element as expected but the amount of silver is too low in comparison with photo-decomposed sample. It can be concluded that the silver reduction of photo-decomposition is much higher than thermal-decomposition. The optical absorbance of silver decorated TiO2 thin films states that the optical properties of TiO2 is affected negatively by thermal decomposition of silver nitrate. The absorption edge of the photo-decomposed sample relies on visible light region. Pure ZnO thin film was prepared and the results show that the band gap of pure ZnO is around 3.6 eV which is higher than reported 3.4 eV. TiO2 @ ZnO composite films have been prepared by sol-gel dip-coating method and the effect of sol molar ratio on optical properties of the films were investigated. Three different samples with different titanium to zinc molar ratios were prepared. The absorption edge of TiO2 rich sample is close to the pure TiO2 absorption edge and the absorption edge of ZnO rich sample is close to the pure ZnO absorption edge.
In this study, several modified titanium dioxide films were prepared via sol-gel dip-coating method and their structural and optical properties were investigated. Several forms of modified TiO2 films such as metal doped TiO2, nonmetal doped TiO2, metal-nonmetal co-doped TiO2, silver decorated TiO2 and composite TiO2 were prepared and characterized. Firstly, pure titanium dioxide sol was prepared following optimized sol recipe. Prepared sol was transparent, homogeneous and no precipitation was occurred. Pure TiO2 thin film was prepared by sol-gel dip-coating method and its structural and optical characterizations were investigated. It was seen that the crystal structure of pure TiO2 thin film was fully anatase. The XPS survey shows that position of the Ti 2p3/2 peak is close to the reported value by reference and the oxidation level of titanium is +4 as expected. The SEM image reveals that pure TiO2 sample has a homogeneous structure with a particle size between 20 nm and 30nm. The optical absorption edge of the pure TiO2 sample is around 350 nm. The band-gap value was calculated using UV transmission data by Tauc plot method. The band gap of pure TiO2 is about 3.55 eV, which is higher than the reported band gap value for crystalline anatase TiO2. We have prepared nitrogen doped TiO2 thin films via so-gel method as nonmetal doped TiO2 and the effect of nitrogen doping and dopant concentration on structural and optical characterization of TiO2 were studied. It was found that increasing the dopant concentration doesn’t decrease the band-gap value and have no effect on crystal structure. Sample doped with 1.5 wt% nitrogen has lowest band-gap value. Iron doped TiO2 thin films with different dopant concentration were prepared and the effect of iron doping and dopant concentration on structural and optical properties of TiO2 were investigated. It was concluded that the band-gap value is decreasing by increasing the dopant concentration. The absorption edge of sample doped with 3 wt% iron relies on visible light region. Silver doped TiO2 thin films with different dopant concentration were prepared and the influence of silver doping and dopant concentration on structural and optical characterization of TiO2 were investigated. The optical absorbance of Ag-doped TiO2 thin films state that the wavelength of the absorption edge does not increase by increasing the dopant concentration. The absorption edge of silver doped samples rely on UV region. We studied three different 3 wt% nitrogen-iron co-doped TiO2 films with different dopants ratio and results are compared with pure TiO2 film. The resulting sols were homogeneous and transparent and no precipitation was observed in any of them. It was seen that dopants ratio changes the opacity of prepared samples and sample with medium dopants concentration was opaque in a short time after dip-coating process. It was found that the dopants ratio has effect on the crystal structure, microstructure, surface morphology and optical properties of the resulting films. Sample with medium dopants concentration has amorphous structure and bigger particle size. We also found that crystalline structure, surface morphology and its optical properties are dependent on dopants ratio of N-Fe co-doped TiO2 films. Silver decorated TiO2 films were prepared. Firstly pure TiO2 thin films were prepared as mentioned above and were dip-coated in silver nitrate aqueous solution. The idea of the preparation of Silver decorated TiO2 films was the photo-decomposition and thermal-decomposition of silver nitrate to metal silver. Several photo-decomposed and thermal-decomposed have been prepared and their optical and structural properties were studied and compared. The surface elemental analysis of photo-decomposed sample reveals the presence of titanium and oxygen element as expected and the silver amount is around 7 atomic percent. Although the surface elemental analysis of thermal decomposed sample shows the presence of titanium and oxygen element as expected but the amount of silver is too low in comparison with photo-decomposed sample. It can be concluded that the silver reduction of photo-decomposition is much higher than thermal-decomposition. The optical absorbance of silver decorated TiO2 thin films states that the optical properties of TiO2 is affected negatively by thermal decomposition of silver nitrate. The absorption edge of the photo-decomposed sample relies on visible light region. Pure ZnO thin film was prepared and the results show that the band gap of pure ZnO is around 3.6 eV which is higher than reported 3.4 eV. TiO2 @ ZnO composite films have been prepared by sol-gel dip-coating method and the effect of sol molar ratio on optical properties of the films were investigated. Three different samples with different titanium to zinc molar ratios were prepared. The absorption edge of TiO2 rich sample is close to the pure TiO2 absorption edge and the absorption edge of ZnO rich sample is close to the pure ZnO absorption edge.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2015
Thesis () -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2015
Thesis () -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2015
Anahtar kelimeler
titaniyum dioksit,
sol-jel,
daldırma,
katkılamak,
titanium dioxide,
sol-gel,
dip-coating,
doping