LEE- Malzeme Bilimi ve Mühendisliği-Yüksek Lisans

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http://hdl.handle.net/11527/19376

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  • Öge
    Generation of quantum emitters by introducing color centers inside diamond
    (Graduate School, 2025-04-14) Şentürk Irmak, Sevil Berrak ; Ergen, Onur ; 521211021 ; Material Science and Engineering
    This thesis explores the generation of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond, which are solid-state quantum emitters. Quantum emitters are critical for applications in quantum cryptography, sensing, and computing. Due to their stable photoluminescence and long spin coherence times at room temperature, NV centers are particularly worthy of studying in quantum technologies. The study aims to produce NV centers in a controlled manner by using low-energy electron beam irradiation and thermal annealing. The experimental method began with the selection of a nitrogen doped high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) synthesized type Ib single-crystal plate diamond with a {100} surface orientation, obtained from Element Six. Electron irradiation was carried out using a lithography system at 100 keV with varying doses (0.5–5.0 C/cm²) applied in specific patterns on four corners of this sample. This step aimed to introduce vacancies in a spatially resolved manner. Subsequent annealing at 800 °C under argon flow at 100 CCM was done to induce the migration of these vacancies to nearby substitutional nitrogen atoms. These processes combined lead to the formation of NV centers. A comprehensive characterization process was conducted at each stage using topographical imaging with an optical profilometer, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance (ESR). Raman analysis confirmed the integrity of the diamond lattice post-treatment. It also provided insights into strain–stress relations within the diamond lattice. Shifts in the diamond Raman peak position and changes in full width at half maximum (FWHM) across the sample revealed localized lattice stress. This discovery was important because these stress variations directly influence NV center formation and performance. PL spectroscopy detected distinct zero-phonon line (ZPL) emissions at ~638 nm, indicative of negatively charged NV⁻ centers. The intensity of NV⁻ emission was observed to vary with electron dose, which indicates the ability to control NV center density. Mapping of the PL signal further demonstrated successful spatial control of NVs on the sample. ESR measurements confirmed the spin-related properties of the generated centers and the charge state transition from NV⁰ to NV⁻ following annealing. Overall, this work stands out for its use of low-energy electron irradiation which is preferable due to easier control over defect positioning and potentially lower damage to the host lattice. This thesis contributes to the development of deterministic NV center engineering.
  • Öge
    Mikro ark ve termal oksidasyon yöntemleriyle oksit kaplanan titanyum-niyobyum alaşımlarının özelliklerinin incelenmesi
    (İTÜ Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2025-06-26) Hayırcı, Sena Burcu ; Çimenoğlu, Hüseyin ; 521221005 ; Malzeme Bilimi ve Mühendisliği
    Titanyum, zorlu çevresel koşulların bulunduğu havacılık, savunma sanayi, kimya endüstrisi ve denizcilik gibi alanların yanı sıra, dental ve ortopedik implantlar gibi biyomedikal alanlarda da yaygın olarak kullanılan bir malzemedir. Oda sıcaklığında hegzagonel sıkı paket (HSP) yapıda α-Ti fazında bulunan saf titanyum, 882 °C üzerinde hacim merkezli kübik (HMK) yapıdaki β-Ti fazına dönüşmektedir. Titanyum alaşımları, içerdiği alaşım elementi türüne ve oranına bağlı olarak, oda sıcaklığında α, α+β ve β faz yapısına sahip olabilir. Bu fazlar mekanik özellikler üzerinde direkt etkilidir. Örneğin, düşük elastik modül gerektiren biyomedikal uygulamlarda β tipi alaşımlar tercih edilirken, yüksek dayanım ve süneklik dengesi aranan yapısal uygulamlarda ise α+ β tipi alaşımlar tercih edilmektedir. Ancak, hem titanyum hem de titanyum alaşımları farklı mekanik özellikler sergilemelerine ragmen düşük aşınma direncine sahiptirler. Titanyum alaşımlarının aşınma direncini arttırmak amacıyla, yüzeyde koruyucu oksit tabakası oluşumunu destekleyen mikro ark oksidasyon (MAO) ve termal oksidasyon (TO) gibi oksitleyici kaplama yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. MAO işlemi, plazma deşarjları aracılığıyla oluşan kalın, gözenekli ve biyolojik olarak aktif TiO2 tabakası sayesinde yüzey sertliği ve aşınma direncini arttırırken; TO işlemi, oksijenin difüzyonu yoluyla sert ve kompakt TiO2 tabakası oluşumunu sağlar. Bu çalışmada amaç, mikroyapısı α, α+ β ve β olacak şekilde farklı oranlarda Nb içeren 3 farklı Ti-xNb alaşımının (ağırlıkça % x=0, 23, 45) sinterleme işlemiyle üretiminin ardından MAO ve TO işlemleriyle yüzeylerinin oksit kaplanması ve böylece aşınma dirençlerinin arttırılmasıdır. Çalışmada kullanılan alaşımların, biyoteknolojik uygulamalarda implant malzemesi olarak değerlendirilme potansiyeli göz önüne bulundurularak, aşınma deneyleri 1,5 simule edilmiş vucüt sıvısında (SBF) gerçekleştirilmiştir Alaşımların üretimene Ti ve Nb tozlarının Turbula karıştırıcıda 1 saat karıştırması ile başlanmıştır. Toz karışımları 13 mm çapında 30 mm yüksekliğindeki kalıba doldurulmuş ardından 370 MPa basınçta tek eksenli olarak preslenmiştir. Preslenmiş numuneler argon atmosferinde 1400°C 1 saat sinterleme işlemine tabii tutulmuştur. Bu işlemler sonunda 13 mm çapında 18 mm yüksekliğinde deney numuneleri üretilmiştir. Bu numunelerin MAO ve TO işlemleri sonrası yapısal incelemeleri incelemelerinin gerçekleştirilebilmesi amacıyla, sinterlenmiş numuneler 4 mm çapında silindirik parçalar kesitler halinde hazırlanmış ve yüzeyleri zımparalanarak ortalama yüzey pürüzlülük (Ra) değeri ~0,15 µm seviyesine düşürülmüştür. MAO işlemi 10 g/L Na2SiO3 ve 2 g/L NaOH içeren elektrolit çözeltisinde 470 V pozitif potansiyel 85V negatif potansiyel olacak şekilde 5 dk süre ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. TO işlemi,600 °C ve normal atmosferik koşullarda 6 saat süreyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sinterlenmiş, MAO ve TO uygulanmış numunelerin yapısal karakterizasyonlarında faz analizinde XRD, kesit ve yüzey incelemelerinde optik mikroskop (OM) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılmıştır. Mekanik özelliklerin belirlenmesi amacıyla sertlik ölçümleri ve aşınma testleri yapılmıştır. Sertlik ölçümleri 0,01 kg ile 1 kg arasındaki yükler altında Vickers indenteri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Karşıt hareketli aşınma testleri, 37 °C sıcaklıkta SBF içinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Karşıt yüzey malzemesi olarak 6 mm çapında alümina bilya kullanılmıştır. 2 mm kayma genliği ve 6 mm/s kayma hızı şartlarında, 1 N normal yük altında toplam 50 m kayma mesafesinde testler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Numune yüzeylerinde oluşan aşınma izleri 2-D profilometre ve SEM ile incelenmiştir. Sinterlenmiş numuneler üzerinde yapılan incelemeler, beklendiği gibi saf Ti'un α, Ti-23Nb alaşımının α+β, Ti-45Nb alaşımının β-Ti mikroyapısına sahip olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ti-23 Nb alaşımı hacimce %59,3 β-Ti ve %40,7 α -Ti fazlarından oluşan bir mikroyapıya sahiptir. Alaşımdaki Nb içeriğinin artışıyla birlikte porozite oranında da artış gözlemlenmiştir; bu oranlar sırasıyla Ti, Ti-23Nb ve Ti-45Nb alaşımlarında %5,87, %10,23 ve %20,23 olarak ölçülmüştür. Sertlik ölçüm sonuçlarının batma derinliğinden etkilenmediği durumda ortalama sertlik değerleri Ti ve Ti-23 alaşımlarında 340 HV0,1, Ti-45Nb alaşımında yaklaşık 200 HV0,1 olarak ölçülmüştür. 1,5xSBF içinde gerçekleştirilen aşınma testleri, alaşımlarda Nb katkısının artmasıyla aşınma kaybının arttığını ortaya koymuştur. Ti referans alındığında, Ti-23Nb alaşımı yaklaşık 50 kat, Ti-45Nb alaşı ise yaklaşık 110 kat daha fazla aşınma göstermiştir. MAO işlemi uygulanan alaşımların yüzeyinde esas itibarıyla anataz ve rutil tipi TiO2 tabakası oluşmuştur. Bu yüzey tabakasının kalınlığı ve sertliği Ti'da 11,00±2,06 µm ve 395±82 HV0,01, Ti-23Nb alaşımında 12,92±1,99 µm ve 351±93 HV0,01, Ti-45Nb alaşımında ise 9,71±1,87 µm ve 372±103 HV0,01 olarak ölçülmüş. SBF içinde yapılan aşınma testleri, alaşımda buluna Nb içeriğinin artmasına rağmen MAO işlemiyle oluşan oksit tabakasının aşınma kaybı üzerinde kayda değer bir değişime sebep olmamıştır. Sinterlenmiş Ti'un aşınma kaybı referans alındığında MAO uygulanan alaşımların aşınma dirençleri yaklaşık 3 kat artmıştır. 600°C'de 6 saat süreyle uygulanan TO işlemi sonucunda Ti'de yaklaşık 1 µm kalınlığında ölçülen oksit tabakası olsa da Nb katkısı olan numunelerde ölçülebilir bir oksit tabakası tespit edilememiştir. Yüzeyde oluşan oksit tabakası TiO2'nin anataz ve rutil fazlarından oluşur. TO işlemi uygulanmış numunelerin yüzey sertlikleri Ti'da 722±143 HV0,01, Ti-23Nb alaşımında 643±140 HV0,01 ve Ti-45Nb alaşımında 900±366 HV0,01 olarak ölçülmüştür. Ölçülen sertlik değerleri MAO uygulanmış oksit tabakasının sertliğinden daha yüksektir. Sinterlenmiş Ti referans alındığında TO işlemi aşınma direncini yaklaşık 40 kat arttırmıştır. Alaşımdaki Nb katkısıyla yapıya β-Ti hakim olması sonucunda sertlik düşmüş, sonuç olarak aşınma kaybı artmıştır. Uygulanan TO ve MAO işlemlerinin sertliği ve aşınma direncini arttırdığını görülmektedir. Her iki yüzey modifikasyonu ile de aşınma direnci yükselse de TO en iyi aşınma direncini göstermiştir.
  • Öge
    Attempts to re-evaluate waste thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)
    (Graduate School, 2025-01-16) Yanık, Simay ; Nofar, Mohammadreza ; 521211022 ; Materials Science and Engineering
    Polymers' excellent mechanical and thermal qualities, lightweight nature, and economical manufacturing have made them essential materials in many different sectors. However, there are major environmental issues with waste management and large-scale polymer production, which highlights the need for sustainable recycling solutions. Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs), which are widely used in industries including consumer goods, automotive, and medicine, are known for their flexibility, toughness, and chemical resistance. In order to encourage sustainable material development, this study aims to enhance the revaluation of TPU waste through chemical modification and blending procedures. The environmental problems caused by polymeric waste are highlighted in this study of the literature, especially in the case of TPU, which has been widely used in the consumer goods, automotive, and medical sectors. TPU is a good option for recycling because of its thermoplastic characteristics, mechanical strength, and durability. However, the process is made more difficult by its structural complexity and the presence of additives. Studies has investigated polymer blending and chemical modification as approaches to enhance the properties of TPU and make recycling less challenging. The rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of TPU are enhanced via chemical modification. Through a variety of processes, additives such diisocyanates (polymerized-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)), Joncryl ADR 4468, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), and other different additives have an impact on the properties of TPU. Waste of TPU could also have effectively revaluate through blending it with polymers including polylactic acid (PLA), polyamide (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). This method improves mechanical properties including toughness, flexibility, and impact resistance while addressing PLA's shortcomings, such as brittleness, low melt strength, and slow degradation. However, compatibility problems with PLA/TPU blends can result in phase separation as well as limitations. Compatibilizers such as Joncryl optimize mechanical and thermal qualities by enhancing phase compatibility and blend morphology. The objective of this thesis is to develop sustainable materials with improved mechanical, thermal, morphological, and rheological properties by improving the reutilization of TPU waste through chemical modification and blending techniques. Due to TPU's great resistance to degradation and growing environmental concerns about its recycling and disposal, improved methods are required to increase its reusability. Through the chemical modification of TPU with different additives and also blending the waste TPU with biodegradable polymers like PLA, this work aims to address these problems. The experimental process has been divided into two parts: the chemical modification and blending. TPU wastes have been melt processed with additives (PMDI, HDI, Joncryl ADR 4468, and PMDA) at 0.5% and 1% by weight for five minutes at 200°C and 100 rpm in an internal melt mixer. Rheological, mechanical, thermal, and properties of the samples were determined using small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheometer, tensile and hardness tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). PLA/TPU blends were made with 20% waste TPU and 80% PLA in a twin screw extruder. Joncryl was utilized as a compatibilizer in certain samples. Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the samples were investigated using tensile, impact, and hardness tests, DSC, TGA, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical modification study findings shown significant increases in TPU properties depending on the type and concentration of additions. particularly when diisocyanates are incorporated, resulting in improved mechanical performance (tensile strength and elongation at break) and melt strength (complex viscosity) while preserving thermal stability. However, PMDA-modified TPU resulted in lower mechanical performance because to hydrolysis-induced degradation. This finding highlights the potential of the modifications to enhance material performance without compromising its fundamental characteristics. Experiments carried out in the second stage of the study indicated that, the use of waste TPU contributed to improving the disadvantageous properties of PLA. Based on the results of various mechanical analyses, the structure obtained by blending PLA and TPU exhibited a decrease in tensile strength due to the immiscibility between PLA and TPU. However, the presence of TPU led to a more ductile structure, reflected by an increase in elongation at break values, while hardness values decreased. Additionally, TPU enhanced the impact resistance properties of PLA. The incorporation of Joncryl ADR 4468 as a compatibilizer improved phase compatibility, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties. Blend structure created by pre-blending TPU with Joncryl (PLA/(TPU/J)*) resulted in only a slight increase in tensile strength and modulus values. SEM analysis revealed that phase separation occurred due to the immiscibility of PLA and TPU, with TPU appearing as droplets inside the PLA matrix. The addition of Joncryl increased phase compatibility, resulting in finer and more uniform microstructures by interacting with PLA and TPU to lower interfacial tension and increase viscosity by branching in the PLA matrix. Stronger interphase bonding and a more stable structure were confirmed in PLA/(TPU/J)* blends. The microstructure was further improved by pre-blending TPU with Joncryl, which improved its dispersion inside the blend. The presence of TPU improved PLA's thermal stability and processability by increasing the degree of crystallization while decreasing its total crystallinity, according to thermal analysis. Tg of PLA was lowered by TPU's plasticizing effect, which may reduce brittleness. Joncryl enhances the overall performance of the blend and increases the maximum degradation temperatures, especially when blended with TPU before that, which greatly increases thermal stability. This study emphasizes the possibilities of chemical modification and blending methods for tackling TPU waste recycling concerns. While the incorporation of additives enhances the rheological and mechanical property of TPU, blending it with PLA tackles PLA's limitations, and the two methods promote the revaluation of waste TPU. The findings emphasize the importance of optimizing process parameters, selecting suitable materials, and evaluating alternating additives for enhanced performance. These efforts contribute to the development of sustainable materials, reduction of polymer waste, and promotion of a circular economy.
  • Öge
    Investigation of mechanical and thermal properties of TiB2 coating grown on Ti-6Al-4V VIA CRTD-Bor
    (Graduate School, 2025-01-10) Demir, Ege ; Şireli Kartal, Güldem ; 521201006 ; Materials Science and Engineering
    Surface modification methods are extensively used in modern engineering to promote surface properties. Various surface modification methods and agents are utilized to conduct the process of surface treatment. The agents and methods vary in each other via their different advantages and disadvantages. Hence, among all surface modification methods and agents titanium diboride and CRTD-Bor technique possess the uttermost advantages. TiB2 is considered a desired transition metal boride for most engineering enthusiasts since it performs advanced electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The main advantage of the TiB2 coatings are well known as their excellent hardness and wear resistance against sliding surfaces. Moreover, the high-temperature stability of titanium diboride coatings makes it required for high-temperature applications. The boriding process is conveniently conducted by governing the pack and past process techniques. However, in modern days these techniques have several drawbacks, mostly about time and hazardous by-products. When compared with the convenient techniques, the CRTD-Bor method offers; ▪ Shortened process times ▪ Thicker coating layer ▪ Elimination of hazardous by-products ▪ Aligned stoichiometric compliance with the desired coating compound. Hence, when the process advantages and outstanding properties of TiB2 are considered, the application of titanium diboride coatings via the CRTD-Bor technique may be useful for aerospace applications where high-temperature stability and excellent mechanical properties are desired to be combined. In this study, a thin film layer of TiB2 is coated onto Grade-5 titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) substrate material. After several condition and coating trials, 15 minutes of electrolysisxii and 30 minutes of electrolytic holding were implemented to the substrate specimens at 1000° C. Afterwards, solution treatment and aging and heat treatment were implemented to the specimens to eliminate the drawbacks of high-temperature electrolysis application. The attained coating on the substrate material was near 3 microns thick TiB2 and well aligned with the stoichiometric patterns. To obtain the effects of titanium diboride coating on Grade-5 titanium alloy a series of test campaigns was held. In particular, roughness measurements, tensile tests, high cycle fatigue tests, high-temperature oxidation tests, thermal radiation emittance/reflectance tests, and wettability tests were executed with the borided and non-borided (bare, lean) specimens. Roughness measurements of borided specimens showed 0.461µm for Ra (average roughness) compared with the bare specimen roughness of 0.479 µm for Ra. In addition to the average roughness values, RZ values of both types of specimens have been obtained as 2.5076 µm for borided and 2.883 µm for bare specimens. Thus, 15 minutes of electrolytic coating and 30 minutes of holding in the molted salt bath process generated no adverse effect on roughness values. Tensile tests have been carried out at 3 different temperature ranges by the specific aerospace regulations. No adverse effect of boriding on the tensile properties is obtained at the end of the campaign with ultimate tensile strength results of 1112 MPa- 1155 Mpa for -55°C, 1014 MPa, and 1014 MPa for 23° C, and 849 MPa-873 MPa for 180°C respectively for bare and borided specimens. High cycle fatigue test has been carried out by implementing various stress amplitudes with a stress ratio of R 0.1. Borided specimens showed a significant amount of decrease when compared with the bare specimens. This event was linked with columnar-like microstructure and dendritic morphology of the coating. High-temperature oxidation tests were executed at 700 C°, 800 C°, and 1000 C° respectively for 150, 28, and 24 hours. For the 700 C° test, a 5.07 rate of weight change for bare specimen/coated specimen has been examined. For 800 C° and 1000 C° tests, 1.4 and 1.6 rates of weight change for bare specimen/coated specimen have been found respectively. In addition to that, the overall reaction energy between the implemented temperature ranges was evaluated as -255.12 kJ for bare and -456.46 kJ for coatedxiii specimens. Hence 1.8 times better performance of titanium diboride coating is discussed for the overall reaction energy. Thermal emissivity test has been executed to characterize the radiation dissipation form of the borided specimens. Three types of specimens have been used; bare, Type 1 borided (unwashed) with a darker surface color, and Type 2 borided (washed) with a lighter surface color in comparison with the Type 1 borided specimen. Resulted revealed that, for the average of 20° and 60° incidence angle, Type 1 specimen showed an emissivity value of 0.91, Type 2 specimen showed an emissivity value of 0.42 and bare specimen showed an emissivity value of 0.28 between the wavelength of 3-5 µm which is named as MWIR (mid-wave infrared wavelength). This wavelength was discussed as important for jet-engine interior radiance dissipation and remarked as vital for low observability requirements of aerospace applications. The optimum value which combines emissivity with low observability is found for the Type-2 specimen. Wettability tests have been conducted to see the reaction of the coating for possible secondary surface treatments such as dying or secondary coatings. Results showed a contact angel of nearly 50 degrees for bare specimen and nearly 20 degrees for the coated specimen. Cross-checks have been done from different locations of specimens to validate the results. The hydrophilicity of TiB2 was way higher than that of bare specimen which can be correlated to better capacity for secondary operations. The driving force for the above test group has been sourced from the huge literature gap for TiB2 coatings. The whole test group generated unique findings and hopefully will be beneficial for later studies for coating candidates on aerospace applications.
  • Öge
    Improving electrolyte performance of PEO by addition of LLZTO nanofillers in solid state battery applications
    (Graduate School, 2024-07-14) Savaş, Sena ; Güner F. Seniha ; Yavuz, Nilgün ; 521211010 ; Materials Science and Engineering
    With the increasing demand for energy storage technologies, traditional lithium-ion batteries becoming inadequate and require enhancement. The rising trend of electric cars constitutes a significant portion of battery usage of today. Considering the needs of electric vehicles, higher energy density, higher power density and improved safety have become key areas for improvement in lithium-ion batteries. Extensive research has been conducted on various approaches to enhancing lithium-ion batteries, and studies on electrolyte have led to the discovery of solid state batteries. Solid-state batteries differ from traditional batteries by using a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid one. This solid material also acts as a separator to prevent electrode contact. Inorganic crystalline ceramics, glassy materials, and organic polymers can be considered as solid electrolyte materials, with high ionic conductivity being the most crucial requirement. While traditional liquid electrolytes have an ionic conductivity of 10-2 S cm-1, solid electrolytes are expected to have conductivities above 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature to be suitable for commerc fillial battery applications. Ceramics like LLTO, LLZTO, and Li7P3S11 meet this requirement at room temperature however their application as solid electrolyte is limited due to their brittle nature. On the other hand polymers can be a good candidate considering their flexible structure. However, they typically have low ionic conductivities around 10-10 to 10-7 S cm-1 at room temperature, which considered as the drawback of polymer materials for to be utilized as solid electrolytes. Composite electrolytes emerge as a solution to this problem by combining a polymer matrix with ceramic fillers to create a conductive pathway. This structure retains the mechanical flexibility of polymers while benefiting from the high ionic conductivity of ceramics. This method also can solve, if not reduce the effects of, dendrite formation, a significant issue in lithium-ion batteries, by ensuring uniform current distribution and preventing lithium ion accumulation. In this study a composite solid electrolyte with a polymer matrix and ceramic nanoparticles is formulated and fabricated. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) served as the polymer, and Lithium Lanthanum Tantalum Zirconate (LLZTO) nanoparticles were used as the ceramic additive, with Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the lithium salt. Various LLZTO concentrations, 40%, 45%, and 50%, were tested for their effects on ionic conductivity and transfer numbers. For the production of the composite electrolyte samples, solution casting method has been employed Characterization of the produced electrolytes involved techniques like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), Chronoamperometry (CA), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). These tests are used for obtaining xxii the data that is necessary for calculation of parameters such as ionic conductivity, transfer numbers and examining the electrochemical and thermal stability of the samples. Results showed that LLZTO addition improved the ionic conductivity of the PEO with 10% (wt) up to 1.76×10-5 S cm-1 and transfer number up to 92%. Although it is observed that these values are retreat with increasing LLZTO contents. This effect is believed to be related with several factors. Surface roughness of composite electrolyte increases with LLZTO content. This is expected to be related with the declined surface contact of electrolyte with the stainless steel plates that used in the measurements. Also, with the increasing nanofiller content, fillers are tend to agglomerate and this resulted with lower surface area of polymer/ceramic interface. The electrochemical stability window for all samples exceeded 5V and nanofiller addition results with increasing ESW. FTIR and XRD analyzes indicated that LLZTO reduced crystallinity of PEO, enhancing amorphous characteristics, which likely contributed to improved ionic conductivity. Additionally, TGA results demonstrated that LLZTO increased the thermal stability of PEO from 357 °C to above 380 °C.