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ÖgeMultiple faces of labour market segmentation within the Turkish construction industry(Cambridge University Pres, 2024)This study explores labour market segmentation within the Turkish construction industry, in a developing country context characterised by refugee influxes and heightened earthquake risks. We apply statistical and regression analyses using 2002–2020 Household Labour Force Survey data to explore segmentation with a specific focus on payment, job type and social security enrolment. The findings reveal a segmented labour market where the progress in regular, permanent and registered employment in the 2000s failed to encompass most construction workers. Lower wages, and temporary and unregistered work are more common among the youngest and oldest workers, those with poor education and qualification levels, immigrants, and those employed by micro enterprises. The construction industry lags behind both manufacturing and services in terms of registered and permanent employment rates and average wages. The prevalence of workers in elementary jobs with little education highlights the ongoing challenge of ensuring a highly skilled workforce, while reconstruction activities in earthquake-prone zones and the demand for urban transformation in Türkiye are increasing. We argue that improvements in working conditions constitute an urgent restructuring component in the sector for elevating the status of construction jobs, addressing the shortage of skilled labour and ensuring a high-quality building stock that upholds the right to a secure life in Türkiye.
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ÖgePrioritization of factors affecting customers' e-commerce platform selection with fuzzy cognitive mapping(ACM, 2024)The widespread use of the internet and the convenience offered by online shopping have changed consumers' shopping habits, increasing the demand for e-commerce. In the e-commerce ecosystem, where the competitive environment is increasing day by day, platforms must analyze the needs of their customers and prioritize their selection criteria. With this analysis platforms can make their investment and development in these areas. In the literature review, the prominent criteria for customers' platform and brand selection were researched and eleven factors were determined. Afterwards, relationship tables were created through one-to-one surveys with eight experts working in the e-commerce sector and the factors were analyzed with the Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping. During the analysis, FCM model was preferred because it examines the causal relationships between the components of a complex and dynamic system. This study is intended to contribute to the development strategies of e-commerce platforms by analyzing the factors affecting customers' choice of e-commerce platform.
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ÖgeRefugee entrepreneurship: resolving multi-contextuality and differential exclusion(Springer, 2024)This study examines the multi-contextual dynamics of refugee entrepreneurship through the lens of embeddedness. It attempts to explain the interplay of inclusion and exclusion within a host society. For this purpose, the study qualitatively analyses the narratives of 39 Syrian refugee entrepreneurs and four critical informants in Türkiye. Our findings reveal a diverse set of refugee entrepreneurs, categorized into survival, ethnic-targeting, and integrating entrepreneurs, based on their motivations and level of embeddedness. Interestingly, as refugee entrepreneurs become more embedded in the host country, they experience increased exclusion due to various societal factors. To navigate these challenges, entrepreneurs continually negotiate their societal position using innovative strategies to combat exclusion. Our study incorporates social, political, institutional, and spatial contexts across host, home, and third countries. Thus, it extends the embeddedness literature by highlighting refugee entrepreneurs' multi-layered and multi-locational embeddedness. Our findings also emphasise the significant role of political embeddedness, which Research often overlooks. Differentially excluding refugee entrepreneurs from society and their counter-strategies are closely tied to their limited political embeddedness. Finally, we discuss the ethical and policy implications of promoting the inclusion of refugee entrepreneurs and contributing to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. We argue that clear integration policies, removal of institutional barriers, and international cooperation are necessary.
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ÖgeThe effect of social transfers on income inequality and poverty in Türkiye(Springer, 2024)This paper examines the effects of social transfers on inequality and poverty in Türkiye. We use Income and Living Conditions Survey that is conducted by TurkStat each year from 2006 to 2018. The social transfers include in cash and in-kind transfers from government to households. The standard budget incidence approach is used in the analysis. The redistribution impact of social transfers is measured using Gini coefficient and Suits coefficient and relative poverty rate. The equivalence scale adjustments are used for inequality and poverty estimations, and it is accepted as relative poverty approach. Pension income is the main factor that influences on reducing inequality and poverty. The inequality-reducing effect of pension income increased over time from 2005 to 2017. We also apply logistic regression analysis for 2018 SILC Survey. According to the logistic regression analysis, social transfers have the effect of reducing the probability of being poor in Türkiye.
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ÖgeRevisiting the impact evaluation of women’s empowerment : a MCDM-based evaluation indicator selection framework proposal(Springer, 2024)Women’s empowerment programs play a critical role in achieving the United Nations’ (UN’s) sustainable development goal of “Gender Equality”. However, non-profit organizations (NPOs) running women’s empowerment (WE) programs face challenges in monitoring, assessing, and evaluating the social impact (SI) and program performance due to the lack of solid guidelines. This study aims to analyze the impact and outcome evaluation indicators of WE programs by providing a quantitative tool. A multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model is proposed to identify and prioritize the performance indicators by utilizing Fuzzy TOPSIS (FTOPSIS) and Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) in a combined methodology. Results validated the identification and classification of the indicators by their importance and viability. In a qualitative study with NPOs working on WE in Turkey, social impact and outcome evaluation indicators are defined and ranked by criteria set in the proposed combined MCDM framework. The study aims to contribute to the theoretical frameworks and practices on social impact and outcome evaluation of women’s empowerment