LEE- Endüstri Mühendisliği Lisansüstü Programı

Bu topluluk için Kalıcı Uri

http://hdl.handle.net/11527/19266

Gözat

Konu "akıllı telefonlar" ile LEE- Endüstri Mühendisliği Lisansüstü Programı'a göz atma
  • Öge
    Conceptualisation and instrument development for mobile application usability based on android operating system
    (Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2021) Kazdaloğlu, Abdullah Emin ; Gümüşsoy Altın, Çiğdem ; 682769 ; Endüstri Mühendisliği
    Notions such as mobile internet and mobile applications ceased to be a nascent concept when basic cell phones, which became prevalent in the society in the late 1990s, left their dominations to smartphones in the early 2010s. The technological infrastructure, which has made substantial progress in the framework of mobile concept, the organisational models of the companies and the penetration rate of the mobile internet among users exceeding the usage rate of desktop internet, has significantly speeded up the use of smartphones and mobile applications that may be used anywhere and anytime. Large-scale usage of mobile applications is based on companies developing mobile applications and directing their services to the context of mobile applications to remain firm in the competitive market. In this perspective, the Google Play Store and Apple App Store platforms, where mobile applications are delivered to users by Android and iOS operating systems respectively, stand out as an important figure with millions of different applications. The large number of mobile applications has given users the opportunity to turn to lots of different options. Hence, it has become requisite for companies to gain advantage in a strong competitive environment by better marketing their products and services in the digital environment in order to continue their viability. One of the essential points of ensuring adoption, preferability, and continuity in such a rapidly growing mobile application universe is that mobile applications can be used in a way that makes user experience better. Yet, when the literature was scrutinised well, it was noticed that mostly desktop computer or website usability models were adapted to the mobile device and application context or mobile application usability was tried to be evaluated with very usual criteria such as satisfaction, learnability, memorability, effectiveness, and effectiveness. It is crystal clear that the usability concept, which plays a more vital role in mobile technology, should not be addressed with the evaluation methods of desktop computers and these methods should not be directly adapted to the mobile device or mobile application concept. Therefore, mobile devices and particularly mobile applications with which users interact directly should have their own usability evaluation criteria. However, the lack of such a usability model for the Android operating system, which is one of the two largest operating systems and is currently preferred by roughly 4 out of every 5 smartphone user, is a major gap realised in the literature. Hereby, a comprehensive and conceptualised usability model for mobile applications running on the Android operating system should be established. In the literature part of this research, mobile technologies, mobile shopping applications that will be the subject of the analysis phase of the study, and the concept of usability are explained meticulously. A conceptual model for mobile application usability running on the Android operating system was established and verified with a survey instrument. Specifically, the guide for interface design of Android-based mobile applications, published by Google, was thoroughly analysed and adapted to the conceptual model. Then, in the light of this reviewed guide, 13 constructs illustrating the usability of mobile applications running on the Android operating system were originated. Open and axial coding was done following the methodology. The matrix was designed by listing these codes, and used in the next stage of this study. In the second phase of the methodology of this thesis, firstly items representing each construct within the context of the matrix were created and collected in the item pool. These items were first evaluated by experts and then by the end user, and items that were confusing, ambiguous and meaningless were removed from the pool or modified. In order to develop the scale, face validity check (pre-test), pilot test (n = 30) and content validity check (n = 41) were carried out, respectively. By virtue of these checks, a qualitative and quantitative (using PSA and CSV indices) evaluation of the scale was made. The study was strengthened by gathering feedback about the scale from those who voluntarily participated in these survey studies, and the corrections were made in the item pool thanks to the feedback received. The survey method was used in the analysis stage of this study. People using mobile shopping applications were selected as a target sample. In the analysis part, items in the item pool were adapted to the mobile shopping application concept. Several grounds for the analysis based on mobile shopping applications: increasing mobile shopping volume and popularity because of the Covid-19 pandemic, the reason some of the most downloaded applications in Google Play Store and Apple App Store in Turkey are shopping applications, large investments in the retail sector, policies of companies that direct their customers to mobile shopping and convenience and comfort factors with respect to customers. For exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, two large samples (n1 = 293 and n2 = 340) were picked and factor, convergent and discriminant validation was fulfilled using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and IBM SPSS AMOS 26 software. In addition, Cronbach's alpha values of the factors were calculated in both analysis stages and reliability was also measured. During the confirmatory factor analysis phase, nomological validation was made. For nomological validation, 13 constructs were taken into account as independent variables and examined how they affect the variables of brand loyalty, continued intention to use and satisfaction, which are frequently associated with usability in the literature. According to the analysis results, it was proved that the usability model created for Android-based applications has a significant effect on satisfaction, continued intention to use and brand loyalty and predicts these variables decently. Moreover, in the evaluation phase of both factor analysis, the fact that the loadings of the items included in the factors were above the required threshold approved this thesis. As a result, this study is very significant for practitioners working in the field of mobile applications. It will be a guide for mobile application developers and companies working in this sector. The created mobile application usability conceptualisation will allow the use of the practitioners to develop new mobile applications or to enhance an existing application. Therefore, in the last part of the study, the implications of the study and its theoretical contributions for practitioners are mentioned, besides.
  • Öge
    Usability of mobile applications: A conceptualization and instrument development study based on Apple human interface guidelines
    (Graduate School, 2023-04-07) Yıldız Çetin, Kübra ; Gümüşsoy Altın, Çiğdem ; 507191117 ; Industrial Engineering
    Smartphones and their services make people's lives much more accessible and enable them to use their limited resources more effectively. With the advancement in technology, the capabilities of smartphones have also increased, and several mobile applications have been developed. Through these mobile applications, people can perform and manage many activities, from making hospital appointments to financial transactions, communication, and educational activities. For instance, mobile e-government applications enable various public services to be performed with a single click with less physical effort. Being available at any time and from any location is one of the most important advantages of mobile applications. The portability of mobile devices and their suitability for a variety of user settings are important features for users. Users always expect to be able to seamlessly enjoy the service a mobile application promises to deliver. However, the use of mobile applications in a wide range of usage environments and some physical constraints, such as small screen sizes, are the factors that complicate usability studies for mobile applications. The ever-evolving nature of smartphones, in parallel with developed technology, also complicates the design of mobile application interfaces. All these difficulties and the continued widespread use of mobile applications have accelerated the studies related to mobile application usability. Initial studies on mobile application usability were derived from previous studies on website usability. However, the characteristics of websites differ from mobile applications in terms of the devices they are used and the usage environment. Therefore, the usability of mobile applications should be handled individually. In the literature, an essential part of the studies on mobile application usability focus on only one type of mobile application, such as mobile health, mobile commerce, and mobile learning. These studies are helpful in evaluating usability for a particular type of mobile application. On the other hand, this study provides a comprehensive usability model that may be used in the design and evaluation phases of any kind of mobile application by software developers. Furthermore, the developed survey instrument based on the mobile application usability concepts evolved may be used to understand the significant factors in the usability assessment of mobile applications from the users' perspective. In this study, a three-step formal methodology was used to conceptualize and develop a survey instrument: conceptualizing the constructs, developing the scale, and evaluating the measurement properties. In the first stage, the first matrix of open codes was created by examining Apple's human interface guidelines line by line, which was taken as the main source of the open and axial coding procedure for the conceptualization of constructs. This open code matrix, consisting entirely of qualitative data, was then examined eight more times and open and axial coding procedures were applied. The finalized matrix consists of 16 axial codes, 29 subcategories, and 92 open codes. Sixteen constructs are conceptualized, namely instant start, branding, orientation, collaboration, content, search, privacy, graphics & animations, realism, control obviousness & reliability, effort minimization, consistency & standardization, concise & user-driven language, feedback, navigation, and transition. In the second stage, an initial item pool consisting of 113 items measuring 16 constructs was created by making use of the open codes created in the previous section and the relevant literature. The initial version of the items was screened with a procedure. First, a face validity check was performed to eliminate vague items. Then the survey items were applied to real users with a pilot study, and a content validity check was performed to validate the items. As a result of analyses, 69 items representing 16 constructs were revealed to evaluate the measurement properties of the scale. At the final stage, the measurement properties of the developed survey instrument were evaluated with exploratory and confirmatory analyses. The factor structure was discovered with the first collected data (n1=476), and the discovered factor structure was confirmed with the second data collected with different participants(n2=583). The target audience of these survey studies is social media mobile application users, which is one of the most widely used mobile application types and appeals to a large part of society. In the exploratory analysis, two items with factor loadings lower than the threshold value were excluded from the item pool. Confirmatory analysis was performed with 67 items representing 16 constructs to validate the constructs and their corresponding items revealed with explanatory analysis. The internal reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity and fit indices of the measurement model were examined, respectively. Finally, for the nomological validity of the developed scale, the fit indices of the structural model and the effects of constructs on satisfaction and continued intention to use were examined. The results show that the scale developed for mobile application usability explains a significant part of the variability in satisfaction and continued intention to use. In addition, the significant relationships between mobile application usability constructs and satisfaction and continued intention to use provide evidence for the applicability of the developed survey instrument.