LEE- Kentsel Tasarım Lisansüstü Programı
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ÖgeAn evaluation of placemaking and healthy streets practices in Ontario, Canada(Graduate School, 2023-01-26) Dalgıç, Pınar ; Oruç, Gülden Demet ; 519171030 ; Urban DesignThe interpretation of what urban public space is changed around the early 20th century with the modernism movement. Suburbanization in city planning gained popularity with the mass production of cars. One of the outcomes was that the cities became more car-centric, and the people car-dependant. Consequently, this led to car-centric communities, with much more open space yet fewer good quality places the people to socialize. Relocating to London, Ontario, Canada gave me a whole new perspective on living in a suburban neighborhood. It made me realize how urban sprawl and suburbanization led to the produced underutilized spaces in the city limits. After experiencing the crippling outcomes of the modernist movement firsthand, notable theorists discussed taking back the streets and open public spaces for a more liveable and sociable place. So, it can be said that the placemaking theory has its roots in the 1960s. Around the late 1980s to early 1990s, healthy and sustainable city concepts started getting acknowledged as a tool. Placemaking has become much more popular and more importantly, understood. Therefore, many city authorities add this concept to their urban design policies. As per healthy streets, their origins can also be traced back to the early 20th century when city planners started to prioritize the needs of pedestrians and cyclists over cars. In the 1960s and 1970s, the idea of "traffic calming" emerged as a way to reduce car speeds and increase safety for non-motorized users. In recent years, the healthy streets movement has gained momentum in cities around the world, with a focus on creating streets that are safe, accessible, and enjoyable for everyone, regardless of their mode of transportation. This includes strategies such as traffic calming, bike lanes, pedestrian zones, and public spaces that encourage social interaction and physical activity. Although the placemaking and healthy streets concepts are included in the urban design policies and regulations of municipalities, the question of how beneficial the implementation of projects is for the users is one of the research questions of this thesis and is aimed to be thoroughly examined within this study. The first chapter of this thesis starts with an introduction to the problem that was observed and led to this study in the first place. North American countries were one of the first to include placemaking theory in their urban design policies, yet years of habits in designing cities manifest in the form of urban sprawl and suburbanization. As explained in the paragraph above, observing a city located on the North American continent leads to curiosity as to how much placemaking is included in government policy and how well it is practiced. As a result of this, Chapter 1 continues by defining the research questions that help form the path of this study. The final part of Chapter 1 is a detailed explanation of the methods. The first method of this study is the literature review. To understand the topic, extensive placemaking, and healthy streets research were done. This makes up the first and second part of Chapter 2 in this thesis, respectively. This research study in Chapter 2 starts with the definition and different views of theorists about what space, place, and public place are. Following that, detailed information is given about the qualities of a great place and what placemaking is, how it emerged, and how it has evolved throughout the years until the modern day. After explaining the types of placemaking and how a good public place should be, the research evolves towards investigating streets as open public spaces and how they can be turned into quality places through the placemaking theory. In Chapter 3, the other portion of the research is done, this time focusing on the policies of Ontarian governments, and the initiatives that are Canada-based that help improve placemaking in the communities. The healthy streets concept is also researched within placemaking policies. Different cities have been added mostly because Canada is conceived of different provinces and Ontario has its regulations for its cities. It was important to see how a provincial degree law could be interpreted on a city basis, and adjusted to that city's needs and areas for improvement. The healthy streets concept has a direct relationship with the placemaking theory and practice. In Chapter 2, an authentic comparative table is made by evaluating all the data about different placemaking theories from prominent theorists. Also, in the conclusion section of Chapter 3, a synthesis of all the different views and criteria of placemaking as well as healthy streets (as an umbrella term) is shown in a new table. This is the foundation for assessing the role of healthy streets in placemaking, creating the survey questions to be exact. From the introduction to the problem and explanation of the outlines of the thesis to extensive research of the theorems and how they are manifested in government policies, it was ensured that the thesis had a strong foundation. Both conclusions of Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 give the nuance of the matter that directs the reader toward Chapter 4. In Chapter 4, a placemaking example that was achieved by the local users and a government-initiated placemaking project with a focus on healthy streets are selected to be assessed. Conducting a field survey is crucial in order to incorporate user feedback in a study. This is particularly important in placemaking as it should prioritize the well-being of the community. Evaluating whether the completed project meets the expectations of the users is essential, as feedback is a vital tool for improvement. The questions are chosen in a way to understand the users' perception of the urban design project realized for healthy streets and placemaking. The last chapter is the results and conclusion. The survey results are shown and discussed in this chapter. Outcomes are shared.