LEE- Siyaset Çalışmaları-Yüksek Lisans

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http://hdl.handle.net/11527/19464

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Konu "Development" ile LEE- Siyaset Çalışmaları-Yüksek Lisans'a göz atma
  • Öge
    Development as an apparatus of liberal governmental intervention: USA and Türkiye in the early cold war period
    (Graduate School, 2025-01-20) Kahraman, Muhammet Salih ; Uzer, Umut ; 419211007 ; Political Studies
    Government is the right disposition of things. This means not only the management of people but the administration of the complex whole of relationships between people and things. In liberal government, intervention is a necessity that is considered reasonable under certain conditions. Liberal government in the Foucauldian sense exists through the mechanisms of knowledge/power that it brings into existence through certain political rationalities. The interventionist aspect of liberal government in practice has not been limited to societies where liberal values are embedded. A new form of liberal intervention manifested itself when the free market model idealized in liberal societies and the understanding of liberal government were put forward as a model for countries marked as underdeveloped. The US-led "developmentalism" after World War II is a clear example of such an intervention. The development apparatus derived its governmental techniques from US experiences such as the "progressive era" and the "new deal". This context invites an examination of how these reports and programs are constructed and what they omit. Development programs and reports claim to improve people's lives based on scientific and technical expertise. The analysis of liberal governmentality aims to scrutinize in detail the practices of government, the tools and techniques invented for government, and the subjects affected and influenced. This "analytic" includes the history of political ideas and the genealogy of governmental technologies. Türkiye was an early beneficiary of US aid due to its geostrategic position and its willingness to join the Western bloc. The Thornburg Report (1949) and the Barker (IBRD) Report (1951) prepared during this period stand out as the texts describing how developmental reforms in line with the liberal market model should be implemented in Türkiye. These reports criticized the experience of statist industrialization in Türkiye and the weight of the state in economic activities as a source of "inefficiency". For economic development, private enterprise had to be supported, accounting and business techniques had to be rationalized, road and transportation infrastructure had to be improved, and rural areas had to be included in the market. The organization of the economic system and technological infrastructures prevented the spread of prosperity and economic profit throughout society. The development reports prepared by US experts during the early Cold War years are interventions that aim to "improve" Türkiye's economic and institutional framework with a liberal rationale. By redefining the everyday realities of peasants or factory workers with technical categories and statistical data, these interventions impose a set of recommendations and obligations on how they "should live". However, all these attempts at regulation are limited both by unpredictable socio-economic processes at the local level and by the political objections of different actors who remain outside the development discourse or resist it. Therefore, rather than the success or failure story of "development," the thesis focuses on the question "how is it intervened, guided by what knowledge and whose authority, and within what political boundaries and conflicts?" and discusses through early Cold War development reports in Türkiye.