LEE- Proje ve Yapım Yönetimi Lisansüstü Programı
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Gözat
Sustainable Development Goal "Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure" ile LEE- Proje ve Yapım Yönetimi Lisansüstü Programı'a göz atma
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ÖgeAn investigation into the current status of adoption of ipd characteristics and bim in construction projects to overcome process and team-related problems(Graduate School, 2022-02-09) Çetin, Hakan Taha ; Sertyeşilışık, Begüm ; 502171410 ; Project and Construction ManagementUnless project teams are efficient, construction projects can encounter many problems and obstacles in the process. Project delivery systems (PDS) determine the relationships of project stakeholders and their engagement time. Traditional PDS in the construction industry (CI) are well-known with their adverse effects on the process and the team, which have become the chronic problems of the industry due to excessive use of traditional contracts. Many reasons especially technological advancements like BIM (Building Information Modeling), and demand for more reliable PDSs have led CI professionals to search for alternative and effective ways to collaborate. AIA (the American Institute of Architects) introduced the IPD (Integrated Project Delivery) to respond to the demand and need in the CI. IPD can contribute the CI by eliminating/minimizing the obstacles that prevent team integration. IPD principles have taken their place in the current practices of construction projects, with the effect of same motivations that led to the emergence of the IPD in the first place. Projects are fundamental elements for organizations to cope with competitive market conditions. Various systems, like CSFs (Critical Success Factors), have been developed to evaluate and estimate the projects' outputs appropriately. Although various CSF lists have been prepared in construction projects, the lists prepared for traditional PDSs are not compatible with the IPD because of the different characteristics of the IPD. An IPD-specific CSF list covering the BIM and IPD team aspects is needed to reveal the level of importance of the factors on achieving project success. This dissertation aims to investigate the adoption status of IPD principles in current construction projects, examine the impact of these principles on the process and team-related problems frequently encountered by the industry, and prepare the CSFs preliminary list for IPD projects. With this aim, the following objectives have been adressed: to determine the process and team related problems of the CI and examine their occurrence in construction projects; to determine the adoption of the IPD, BIM and IPD team characteristics in construction projects; and to determine the adoption of the IPD, BIM and IPD team characteristics in construction projects, respectively. With the in-depth literature review, team and process-related problems and characteristics related to IPD, BIM, and IPD teams have been examined. In line with the first two objectives, online questionnaire surveys and interviews have been conducted with IPD and BIM experts and/or academics having publications on related subjects. Furthermore, for the accomplishment of the objectives 3, 4 and 5, the 4-round and 3 group Delphi method has been performed under 3 different category as IPD, BIM, and IPD team-related factors with IPD and BIM experts and/or academics having publications on the related topic. The data obtained from the online questionnaire survey, interviews and the delphi method have been evaluated in 4 different categories based on the objectives of the research. First of all, the findings revealed that the frequency of encountering team-related problems is less frequent than process-related problems. There is strong correlation between ineffective teams and other problems. Furthermore, according to the online questionnaire survey and interviews results, it has been revealed that the adoption status of BIM-related characteristics is high, and BIM is an essential driver for the adoption and implementation of IPD. The CSFs preliminary list has been further developed based on the findings of the 4 round and 3 group delphi surveys covering the aspects of IPD, BIM, and IPD teams. The prepared list has revealed the collaboration-related characteristics of IPD, administrative issues and organizational needs for BIM implementation, and team environment among the main CSFs. The CSFs preliminary list includes the factors that can be taken into account in the adoption and implementation of IPD and BIM projects. The complete application of these factors does not mean that project success can be achieved. Although these CSFs preliminary list may contribute to the process, they cannot influence the projects' output alone as each project consists of several sources and interconnected activities that have varying levels of impact on success. Project dynamics are constantly changing with the effect of new systems. Various additions, corrections, and/or removals can be made to the list over time, taking into account the changing conditions and the needs of projects. These CSFs preliminary list can be used as a preliminary checklist for the stakeholders who plan to adopt the IPD and BIM, and for academics and researchers in the relevant field.
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ÖgeBim-based facilities management: A aconceptual framework for bim implementation of the fm industry(Graduate School, 2023-06-14) Tezel, Ecem ; Giritli, Heyecan Fatma ; 502172403 ; Project and Construction ManagementThe Building Information Modelling (BIM) concept, which emerged in the early 2000s, contributes to the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry by enhancing communication and coordination between stakeholders, detecting errors in advance to minimize rework, shortening project duration, reducing project costs and increasing quality. BIM, which is majorly used in the design and construction phases, has the ability to store a wide variety of information produced at different stages of the building life cycle in a digital data repository. Due to its data storage capability, many researchers and experts argue that the main benefit of BIM will emerge in the usage phase, which is the longest and most information-intensive phase by nature. Buildings require several facilities management (FM) services to maintain their functionality, comfort, safety and efficiency during the operational phase, which starts right after the completion of the construction. BIM-based processes and applications that have caused a great transformation in the AEC industry, are undoubtedly changing the FM industry as well. Traditionally, building information is compiled as hard copy or electronic files that are, most of the time, incomplete, inaccurate, outdated or unavailable for further use. BIM can minimise these data-related problems and support facilities managers in decision-making processes through complete, reliable and available data. Therefore, BIM-based FM can be considered an information management methodology for the operational phase of the buildings. Although BIM has an increasing adoption rate, especially in the design and construction phases, it is unexpectedly low utilised in the operational phase. Researches indicate that there are several factors inhibiting the BIM-FM integration. Recently, numerous international researchers and industry experts have been conducting various studies focusing on BIM-based FM. In addition to academic publications, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published the ISO 19650 series of standards, which define the processes to identify and manage BIM-based information and exchange information among participants throughout the building lifecycle. Although the ISO 19650 series provide a holistic roadmap for BIM-based information management, it encourages countries to develop and implement national procedures reflecting particular industry conditions. Turkey has its own unique case in terms of the speed of BIM adaptation and implementation. BIM has been first mandated for the construction works of transportation projects in 2021. However, prior to this, companies that follow international trends and take initiative to implement BIM have enabled the Turkish AEC industry to achieve BIM Level 2 competence, parallel to other BIM-implemented countries. BIM Level 3, which refers to the highest level attainable in terms of BIM maturity, represents the state of full collaboration between teams on a common data medium. The rare examples for BIM Level 3 in Turkey consist of a few subway and airport projects, still Level 2 competence is more frequently observed. Industry reports and academic studies have revealed that the BIM-based data transfer to the operational phase is very limited. Yet, in the light of this information, it is expected to see the influence of BIM-based transformation experienced in the Turkish AEC industry on the FM sector practices. In this context, it is seen that there is a need for a holistic study to guide the FM sector during the BIM transition and implementation process. The aim of the doctoral thesis entitled "BIM-BASED FACILITIES MANAGEMENT: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR BIM IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FM INDUSTRY", is to propose a conceptual framework that will guide the BIM adaptation process and BIM-based applications of the managers of the FM service provider companies and the building owners and/or tenants. In the Introduction section, which is the first section of the thesis, first of all, the subject, purpose, scope and method of the thesis study are explained. The second part of the thesis includes the existing literature on the subject field. This chapter firstly introduces various definitions of the FM concept, then examines the evolution of the FM industry on a global scale, and briefly introduces frequently used FM technologies and software. Then, using the science mapping method, it identifies the articles published in international peer-reviewed journals in the fields of BIM and FM, categorizes them according to the journal in which they were published, authors who prepared the publication, and keywords. In addition to identifying influential scientific journals, researchers and keywords in BIM and FM, this classification identifies areas that have not yet been adequately researched and reveals potential future research areas in BIM-FM. After examining for what purposes BIM can be used in FM, what are the challenges to BIM transition of the FM industry, and what are the required BIM information for various FM services, this thesis study introduces the 19650 series of standards developed by ISO for BIM-based information management. The third part of the thesis study includes field studies conducted to determine BIM awareness and BIM use levels within the Turkish FM industry. Firstly, a quantitative research was conducted to measure the BIM awareness and usage levels of industry professionals, to identify the information requirements necessary for making BIM-based FM, and to identify the barriers for the sector to provide effective and efficient service. An online survey invitation was sent to the leading companies of the sector to participate in the survey. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals running FM services in various building types in Turkey to discuss the factors that led to the limited use of BIM within the sector. The research conducted on the Turkish FM sector not only revealed the problems in the current business processes of the sector, but also showed that the sector has various expectations for BIM adaptation. In this context, in the fourth part of this thesis, a conceptual framework proposal is introduced that aims to facilitate the transition of FM companies to the BIM-based working process. The framework reflects on the ISO 19650 family of standards and proposes a BIM implementation roadmap considering the unique conditions of the Turkish FM industry. This is, to the best of the author's knowledge, the first attempt to develop a holistic guideline to implement BIM procedures and applications in the local FM sector, which is dominated by traditional business models, has old building stock and is developing its technological infrastructure. The two main principles advocated by the proposed conceptual framework are; the involvement of the FM team in the projects as early as possible and the BIM transition process to be advanced with a collaborative systematic with the building owner and/or tenant. The focus group study, which was carried out with the participation of industry professionals, in order to measure the applicability and validity of the proposed conceptual framework by the FM sector, takes place in the fifth part of the thesis. Finally, in the conclusion section, which is the sixth chapter of the thesis, the studies carried out within the scope of the thesis are summarised, the conceptual framework proposed for BIM-based FM is demonstrated and the contributions of the proposed framework to the BIM transition process of the FM sector are disclosed.
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ÖgeDesign-construction interface problems in construction projects(Graduate School, 2023-02-02) Buğan, Esra Emine ; Çakmak, Pınar ; 502191403 ; Project and Construction ManagementThere is ongoing inefficiency and traditionalism in the construction industry. Throughout the development of Industry in general, the construction industry received the least positive impact. Many different management systems can be applied and developed in the construction industry like agile transformation, lean management etc. Yet the construction industry has not fully implemented any of the developments. However, it is seen that there is a lack of information on lessons learned from past experiences and mistakes. For this reason, budget, time and quality deficits have started to be given due to the increasing incompatibility of the inefficiency from the way of doing business with today's complex projects and resources. Throughout the lifecycle of the construction projects, the common aim for all participants is to achieve a "perfect" project with less cost at a minimum schedule. The biggest difficulty experienced while advancing the project process is to exhibit the right approach to the problems that arise. A real challenge emerges when deciding how to define and mitigate the causes of design-construction interface problems in the process and reduce the negative impact that is or will be reflected on the project. The thesis research aims to identify the causes of design-construction interface problems and to determine their frequency of occurrence and degree of importance. At this point, while analyzing the frequency and importance of these problems from the eyes of industry professionals; it is also important to reveal whether there is any difference in the perspectives of different professionals. In this context, to achieve the mentioned aim, the thesis research is developed in two main parts. The first part includes a comprehensive literature review to find out what are these design- construction interface problems, how they occur and how they impact the construction project life cycle. Databases are searched for in the areas where the problems are thought to originate. These main areas are stakeholders and their relationships and management, construction project phases and situations occurring at the interface of these phases, design phase and design management. At the intersection of all these areas, the problems that occur during the construction project process are listed and grouped according to the project phases in which they occur. In the second stage, a questionnaire survey is conducted with the design-construction interface problems gathered from the literature to measure the frequency of occurrence and degree of importance of these problems. The first part of the questionnaire gets general information about the respondents, the second and the third parts search for the frequency of occurrence and degree of importance of design-construction interface problems on a 5-point Likert scale, the last part has an open-ended question that aimed to get the opinions of the survey participants on the subject. The data that is obtained with the help of the questionnaire is analyzed through the SPSS program. In the first step, Cronbach's alpha reliability test is used to ensure the reliability of data. Secondly, frequency and descriptive analysis are used to get the frequency of each response. Third, the rankings of all variables are calculated using the Relative Importance Index (RII). Fourth, Skewness-Kurtosis values are evaluated to determine whether the data were normally distributed. Survey participants were divided into groups (designer, consultant and contractor); one-way ANOVA tests were applied to investigate whether there was a statistically significant difference between the groups. Finally, the variables were analyzed in one-way ANOVA test to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between stakeholders. According to the results of ANOVA tests, further post-hoc analyses were applied to the variables to show from which groups the differences came from. As a result, "PDC16 - Economic Situation" and "PC9 - Construction errors and defective work at the construction site" become the most occurred and most important problems from the consultants' point of view. "PD8 - Lack of proper coordination between various disciplines of the design team" cause is ranked as the most occurred and most important problem from the contractors' point of view. And, "PT5 - Awarding the contract to the lower bidder price regardless of the quality of service" is found as the most occurred and most important problem for the designers. "PT5 - Awarding the contract to the lower bidder price regardless of the quality of service" is ranked at the top both in the lists of designers', consultants' and contractors' . "PDC17 - Fast Track Construction" becomes critical for consultants and contractors; "PD6 - Time limitation in the design phase" and "PD9 - Unstable owner requirements" are important for contractors and designers. This thesis research identified the causes of design-construction interface problems seen in construction projects according to the project stages; and determined the frequency of occurrence and degree of importance of these problems from the perspective of different construction project professionals. To be aware of problems to detect them when necessary and to raise awareness to take the necessary action when encountered; supported by recommendations. Thus, it has been seen that, although the results vary for each stakeholder, it has been determined that there are similar points. The findings of this thesis research can help construction project professionals by providing an understanding of the design-construction interface primary problems. By having knowledge of the main problems and their impacts, participants can take precautions, make effort to minimize their impacts, and after all make a significant contribution to the successful completion of construction projects.
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ÖgeDigital twin for enhanced construction project management during construction(Graduate School, 2022-12-09) Aktürk, Berkay ; Çakmak, Pınar Fatma ; 502191402 ; Project and Construction ManagementThe construction industry has a bad reputation worldwide in terms of productivity and efficiency. Insomuch that, it accounts for a large share of global economic costs. Therefore, a proper management is vital for the construction industry. In order to intensify, increase and improve the quality, value and scope of its management approach, the industry has started to seek the solution in digital tools in recent years. The adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) by the construction industry has acted as a spur for the attempt to digitize the industry. Thus, fresher, more sophisticated ideas started to emerge. The concept of the digital twin, which made its first waves in a space program, has grown rapidly and quickly entered other industries as well as the construction industry, along with the technological trends related to the Industry 4.0. The digital twin is a virtual system that connects design, construction, and operation by using a combination of technologies to data-link its physical and real assets bidirectionally. While the adoption of BIM in the construction industry is not yet complete, the digital twin is considered a closed box for industry professionals and it does not have many practical applications or case studies. At this point, this thesis research aims to shed a light on the interaction of the digital twin and BIM from a construction project management perspective; to investigate the influences of the digital twin during construction. To answer key questions, -namely (1) "What are the characteristics and practices of the digital twin in the construction industry?"; (2) "What are the functions and applications of the digital twin in the construction from a management perspective?"; (3) "To what extent and how can the digital twin support BIM in the construction?"- a comprehensive synthesis of the literature on the digital twin through the lens of construction project management is carried out as the first step. Scopus database was selected for data extraction by realizing the knowledge gap about the construction, a detailed background analysis was performed to find out the digital twin characteristics, practices, their relationship with BIM, and finally functions and applications of both in construction. As a result of the literature analysis, the topics that can benefit from digital applications within the construction management services provided during the construction phase of the project life cycle are site progress monitoring, resource allocation and waste management, clash detection, decision-making, communication and collaboration, cost management, scheduling, risk management, logistics and supply chain, and safety detection. As the second step, a questionnaire survey was conducted to measure the influence of digital twin services in the literature on parallel BIM uses intending to understanding the importance of these services for professionals. The first part of the questionnaire captures general information about the respondents and the second part gathers information about the influence of Digital Twin services on BIM uses on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not effective, 5 = extremely effective). The study adopted purposive sampling as the sampling method, 108 industry experts were reached and 70 responses were collected with a response rate of 65%. The data obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed by applying statistical tests through the SPSS 27 program. First, Cronbach's alpha reliability test was used to assess the data's reliability. With a value of 0.893, the study's Cronbach's alpha (α) score was found to be quite acceptable. Secondly, it was observed that the results were normally distributed with the Skewness-Kurtosis normality distribution test, which determined whether the further analyzes would be parametric or not. Third, Pearson's correlation test was applied to measure the relationship between variables. Finally, the variables were divided into meaningful groups in accordance with the aim of the study. Based on experts' opinions, results were analyzed by performing independent-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. In the scaling of the influence of the specified digital twin services on parallel BIM uses, all services have received mean scores to be considered high. According to the results, the service with the highest impact on BIM applications was communication and collaboration, while logistics and supply chain and safety detection shared the lowest mean score. These findings suggest that digital twin services during construction have a substantial impact on BIM because they transcend beyond their current uses. Additionally, almost all digital twin services that find applications in construction have a high correlation with each other. This is an indication that elements should be considered as a whole and a two-way network for enhanced management during construction. By dividing the participants into two groups, whether they are digital twin users or not, and whether they are domestic or international, it was analyzed whether these aspects affected their perspectives by performing independent sample t-tests. Although there was found a statistically significant difference in the "scheduling" variable between domestic and international participants, the fact that both groups had a high mean score showed that the experts thought that the digital twin had a significant impact on 4D BIM applications. In the first ANOVA test that divided the participants into more than two groups according to their organizational structure, "decision making", "risk management", and "logistics and supply chain" were the digital twin services that have seen a statistically significant difference between groups. Another digital twin service "scheduling", which has seen a significant difference, was observed in analyzes where participants were grouped according to their years of experience. Levene's test was applied to measure the homogeneity of variances related to variables and Games-Howell, Gabriel's and Tukey's post-hoc analyzes were performed to find out which groups caused the identified difference. In addition, even though each group approaches the project with different risks, different objectives and different perspectives, the fact that there are differences of opinion for only a few services in this combination of relationships has been an indication that the positive influence of the digital twin has been accepted by the stakeholders of the industry. This study reviewed and analyzed the characteristics and current applications of technologies and concepts of the digital twin in the construction industry, and has contributed to and strengthened the digital twin body of knowledge which is limited within the construction project management framework. Additionally, by revealing the topics that digital applications can offer benefits within the construction management services provided during the construction phase of the project life cycle; the influence and potential of the digital twin on BIM uses have been demonstrated. Experts agree that digital twin services that offer many uses during the construction go beyond parallel BIM uses and offer several benefits for construction project management. Thus, it has been shown that the digital twin can be a tool for enhanced construction project management, which can get rid of the low efficiency and lack of productivity that the construction industry is still experiencing. This study serves as a source of motivation for researchers working in the field of digital construction and a guide for industry professionals and institutions with question marks about concepts and outcomes.
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ÖgeProduct oriented organization for architectural design offices(Graduate School, 2023-02-02) Çetin, Nazmiye ; Günaydın, Hüsnü Murat ; 502191407 ; Project and Construction ManagementThe construction sector has an important position all over the world, and many researches have been made on site management, organization at the construction site, management of construction processes, efficiency etc. The most important reason why the implementation process enables these researches is that all data are concrete. On the other hand, it has been seen as a result of personal experiences and literature reviews that there is not enough research on pre-construction projecting, organization of architectural design offices, efficiency, and management of design processes. In architectural design offices, on the other hand, in the design and projecting processes, the design is not concrete, the variability is high, there are many stages shaped according to the demands. All of these hinder the carrying out of the specified researches in architectural design offices. However, in design projects, which are the product of architectural design offices, research should be done and different methods should be applied in order to produce an efficient product, to complete the project in the targeted time and budget, to use the workforce correctly, and to prevent the participants in the office from being adversely affected by inefficient work. By starting the studies on this field, first of all, literature reviews were made. When the literature review was conducted for design offices and their product-oriented works, two concepts were mostly encountered. These concepts are Project-Oriented Organization and Architectural Management. We live in a project society, where projects are everywhere in our professional and personal lives which is this shows how important Project-Oriented Organizations, the first of these concepts. On the other hand, because of the increasing complexity of architectural design and the increasing number of design partners participating in interdisciplinary projects, (architectural) design management has emerged as a discipline and a subject of study. The term Architectural Management (AM) was coined to motivate architects to recognize and handle the financial part of their profession. Two concepts were investigated and missing points were identified. In the concept of Project-Oriented Organizations, project management has been emphasized and organizational management has been put into the background. In the concept of Architectural Management (AM), although project management and office and practice management are considered together, there are very few applications, especially in practice. On the other hand, organizational structures were studied in both concepts. Because of that the existing organizational structure types for all organizations have been reviewed in the literature by further deepening the study. The research continues with Theories of Organizational Structure, Characteristics of Organizational Structure, Organization As A System, Organizational Design Models and Organizational Design Parameters, Elements of Organization, and the most specific point is "What Is An Organization? which are related to organizational structure types, While investigating what organization is, the concept of being organized (organizing) has also emerged. In researches, even if the organizational structure is established correctly, it has been seen that the organizational structure does not work efficiently unless the organization is properly organized. As a result of all researches, the type of organizational structure that is thought to be most suitable for Architectural Design Offices has been selected. Selected structure type: Organizations Structure with 7 Division (with Functional Structure Subcategories). The reason for choosing this organizational structure type is that it is more comprehensive compared to other structure types. In addition, there is a unit corresponding to the units of all other organizational structure types studied in this thesis. As a result of this research and studies, the hypothesis took its final form: The Suitable Organization Structure Type for Product-Oriented Organization in Architectural Design Offices is Organizations Structure with 7 Division (with Functional Structure Subcategories). Each division in this organizational structure, which has 7 ddivisions, performs the necessary functions to produce a product or service specific to that division. Each division has 3 departments. It consists of 21 departments in total. These divisions and departments are adapted to the divisions and departments names corresponding to the architectural design office. These divisions are as follows: Executive, Communication and Human Resources, Marketing, Finance and Accounting, Project Management, Project Control and Public Relations Divisions. Afterwards, a questionnaire containing questions belonging to each department was conducted for the architects working in architectural design offices to evaluate the proposed organizational structure. In these surveys, they were asked about their own assessments of the importance of each division, the extent to which each division was implemented in their own offices, and the barriers to non-implementation. When the answers given were examined and analyzed, it was deduced that each division was important and effective, and that they wanted these divisions in their architectural design offices.
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ÖgeTasarım odaklı yenilik, sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı ve değer yaratma: Türkiye konut pazarında girişimcilik örneği olarak foldhome(Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2022-09-14) Ertuğral, Zeynep ; Acar, Emrah ; 502122457 ; Proje ve Yapım YönetimiKüresel ekonomi giderek artan oranda ekonomik değer yaratan yeniliklerle şekillendirilmektedir. Özelleştirilmiş ürün tasarımları ve müşteride aidiyet hissi yaratan stratejilerle marka değeri oluşturularak ‟tüketim deneyimleri" tasarlanması, pazarda rekabet edebilmenin başlıca koşulları arasına girmiştir. Ayrıca yeniliğin girişimciliğin gerçekleşme aracı olarak zenginlik yaratmak için kaynakların değerlendirilmesini arttırıcı bir unsur olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Şirketlerin sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı elde etmesinin en önemli kaynaklarından birinin yenilik olduğunu kabul eden rekabet teorileri yönetim bilimleri tarafından uzun yıllardır ortaya koyulmaktadır. Pazar Tabanlı Model (MBV- beş güç modeli), Kaynak Tabanlı Model (RBV) ve bu iki teorinin güçlerini birleştirerek günümüz iş dünyası rekabet avantajı stratejilerine de etki etmesi amaçlanan Dinamik Yetenekler teorileri (Teece, 1997) bu alanda en bilinen teorilerdir. Tasarım yönetimi bilimleri ise, yeniliği tasarım odaklı bakış açısı ile ele almaktadır. Şirketlere rekabet avantajı sağlayacak modelin merkezinde tasarım vardır. Ancak bu tasarım klasik yaklaşımlardaki ihtiyaç, işlev ve forma cevap verme arayışlarından farklıdır. Artık bir ürünün tasarımsal değeri oluşturulan anlam ve iletişim gücü ile ölçülebilmektedir. Burada ürün tasarımına farklı bir bakış açısı getirilmiş ve şirketlerin artık ürün üzerinden yaratılan anlamı, tüm organizasyonel süreçlerine uyarlamalarının önemine dikkat çekilmiştir. Günümüzde yenilik kavramı ve yarattığı değerin nasıl gerçekleştiğini anlama yolunda girişimcilik ile olan ilişkisini de incelemek gerekmektedir. Girişimcilerin belirsiz ortamlarda bile cesur, hesaplanmış riskleri alabilen, yaratıcı kişilikleri ile kaynaklarını stratejik olarak yöneterek yeni ürün ve hizmetleri yarattıkları ve bunların ticarileştirilmesinde aktif rol aldıkları görülmektedir. Girişimcilik çeşitli türlerde gerçekleştirilerek ekonomik ve sosyal gelişime katkı sağlamaktadır. Stratejik girişimcilik, şirketlerde rekabet avantajı elde etmek, değer yaratmak ve sürdürülebilirliği sağlanmak için en güncel girişimcilik türü olarak dikkat çekmekte, strateji ve girişimcilik literatürünün dinamiklerini birleştiren etkin bir model sunmaktadır. Literatür çalışmalarında vurgulandığı gibi, rekabet avantajının kısa sürdüğü dinamik iş ortamlarında avantaj ve fırsat arama davranışları arasında bağlantı kurabilecek, aslında birbirini tamamlayan iki disiplin olan stratejik yönetim ve girişimcilik şaşırtıcı derecede az ilişkilendirilmiştir. Ayrıca girişimci liderlerin kaynakları stratejik olarak nasıl yönettiği, rekabet avantajı ve değer yaratmak için kaynakları yeteneklere nasıl dönüştürdüğü konusunda da çok az deneysel kanıt olduğu belirtilmektedir. Stratejik girişimcilik modeli bu boşlukları doldurmayı hedefleyen bir modeldir. Girişimci düşünce, kültür ve liderliğin kaynakların stratejik yönetiminde etkin kullanılması sonucunda yenilik ve yeniliğin sürdürülebilirliği sağlanarak rekabet avantajı geliştirilmektedir. Organizasyondaki iç çevre yapısı ve üst yönetimin vizyonu da hedeflenen rekabet avantajını etkilemektedir. Bu oluşum kendi içinde sürekli ve tekrar eden bir yapı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İş dünyasında yenilik kavramı derinlemesine irdelenmekte iken inşaat sektöründe de bu konuda çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. İnşaat sektörünün yaşamsal etkisi nedeniyle yasa ve yönetmeliklerde yapılan düzenlemeler yenilik süreçlerine yüksek etki etmektedir. Ek olarak, çalışanlar arasında ve tedarik zinciri ekpleri ile bütünleşmenin proje temelli olup süreklilik arz etmemesi, sektörün karmaşık yapısında rol alan pek çok aktörün, farklı iletişim ağı katmanlarında ve çeşitli seviyelerde iletişim kurması gibi literatürde inşaat sektörünün proje odaklı yaklaşımının yenilik ve verimlilik üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi çok kez tekrarlamaktadır. Konut sektöründe de durum inşaat sektöründen farklı görülmemektedir. Ek olarak müşterilerin riskten kaçınmaya, ‟denenmiş ve gerçek" ürünleri satın almaya yatkınlık sergilemeleri yeniliğin önünde engel olarak görülmektedir. Konut sektörünün yenilik performansı için çizilen manzara iyimser görünmese de, ilgili çıkarımların ağırlıklı oranda müteahhitlik/yapım hizmetlerine odaklanan literatürdeki bakış açılarını yansıttığı, yenilikçi tasarımla yaratılan katma değeri sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı sağlayacak şekilde iş modelleri ile ilişkilendiren çözümlemeleri nadiren içerdiği görülmektedir. Literatür araştırmaları, inşaat sektöründe stratejik yönetim, tasarım odaklı yenilik ve girişimcilik arasındaki bağlantılar konusunda bir bilgi açığının var olduğunu göstermektedir. Tez çalışması ilgili konularda akademik katkı sağlayabilmek adına Türkiye konut sektöründe tasarım odaklı girişimcilik sonucunda gerçekleşmiş bir yenilik örneğini derinlemesine incelemektedir. Araştırma kapsamında 2010 yılında konut pazarında kurulan ve ana fikri 'bir eve sığmayacak farklı işlevleri olan çeşitli odaların katlanarak eve dahil edilmesini sağlamak' olarak ifade edilen patentli bir tasarım yeniliği olan Foldhome konsepti örnek olay incelemesi ile ayrıntılı olarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sorularının cevaplarını elde etmek için nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Örnek vakayı anlayabilmek için yukarıda belirtilen literatür alanları incelenmiş, mevcut modeller araştırılmıştır. Devamında örnek vakanın 30 çalışanı ve girişimci ile resmi görüşmeler yapılarak deşifre edilmiştir. Veri çeşitlendirmesini sağlamak amacı ile şirkete ait kurumsal raporlar, sosyal medya hesapları ve yazılı basın raportajları gibi farklı bilgi platformları kullanılmıştır. Görüşmelerin deşifre metinlerinin analizi için içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Foldhome konsepti etrafında oluşturulan iş modeli ile geliştirici şirket 2010 ve 2018 yılları arasında yaklaşık 2 milyon metrekareden fazla inşaat alanı ile 29 proje gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu süreçte yazılı medyada toplam 5 milyar TL den fazla ciro elde edildiği, kurumsal web sitesinde ise yaklaşık 80 e yakın ulusal ve uluslar arası ödül alındığı belirtilmiştir. Şirket çalışanlarından bir yetkilinin ifadesine göre 10.000 den fazla tapu teslimi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, geliştiricisi olan şirketin konut pazarında yüksek bir ticari performans yakalamasını sağlayan Foldhome konseptinin hayata geçirilmesini sağlayan iş stratejilerini ve bu stratejilerin uygulanmasını kolaylaştıran iç ve dış faktörleri açıklamaktadır. Ürün farklılaştırma ve tasarımla rekabet, satış odaklılık ve tasarım süreçleri ile entegrasyon, atik yönetim ve operasyonel esneklik, pazarlama ve marka yönetimi, etkin finans yönetimi, doğru işbirlikleri ve stratejik ortaklıklar, Foldhomu ticari başarıya taşıyan iş stratejileri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu stratejilerin başarı ile uygulanmasını sağlayan girişimci ile ilgili faktörler ve Foldhome'u kurumsal değerin merkezine almak, iç girişimciliği desteklemek, yatay organizasyonel yapı, çok görevlilik, etkin insan kaynakları yönetim politikaları ve kritik personelin sürekliliği gibi iç faktörler ve şirketin aktif büyüklüğe eriştiği dönemdeki devletin konut üretim ve satışını teşviki gibi dış faktörler açıklanmıştır. Foldhome örneği, stratejik girişimcilik ve tasarım odaklı yenilik iş modellerinin inşaat sektöründe uygulamasının bir örneğidir ve değer katan yenilikçilik söylemini desteklemektedir. Girişimciliği, dinamik kapasiteler geliştirmede ve rekabet için değer yaratmada güçlü bir içsel kaynak olarak ortaya koymaktadır. Girişimcilik boyutunun uzun vadeli rekabet edebilirlik denklemine dahil edilmesi, özellikle strateji geliştirirken, hızlı kararlar verebilmenin önemli olduğu inşaat endüstrisi gibi proje odaklı iş ortamlarında teorik ve pratik açıdan yeni olanaklar yaratmaktadır. Foldhome'un hikayesi, girişimciliğin kurumsal stratejilerle ilişkili yeniliklerin geliştirilmesindeki rolünü anlamayı amaçlayan uygulayıcılara içgörü sağlayabilir. Öte yandan, avantaj arama ve fırsat arama davranışları arasındaki yapısal gerilime bağlı olarak hikaye henüz tamamlanmamıştır. Organizasyon büyüdükçe, kurumsallaştıkça ve çeviklik pahasına sık sık değiştirilmeye devam ettirildikçe, süreçlerin yönetilmesi şirketin uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak için kritik öneme sahip olacaktır. Tez çalışmasının sonucunda ‟Stratejik Girişimcilik Çarkları" özeti ortaya koyulmuştur. Özet, tasarım odaklı yenilikle sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı elde etmenin temel esasının, girişimci ve onun düşünce, liderlik ve kültür yaklaşımları ile uyumlamış çekirdek yönetim ekibinin esnek ve hızlı strateji geliştirme ve uygulama kapasitesine bağlı olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Stratejilerin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması için dış çevre verileri MDV (Market Driven View – Pazar Odaklı Yaklaşım), iç çevre verileri Dinamik Yetenekler yaklaşımıyla iki katman olarak eş zamanlı izlenmektedir. Dış çevreden alınan bilgi ve veriler yeniliğin piyasadaki konumunu değerlendirmek için kullanılıp stratejik öğrenme süreçlerini beslemektedir. İç çevreden alınan veriler yeniliğin stratejik kaynaklarının yönetimini ve operasyonel öğrenmeyi desteklemektedir. Sürekli tekrar eden çarklar şeklinde ifade edilme,öğrenme sonrası koordinasyon ve dönüşümü vurgulamak için kullanılmıştır. Öğrenme süreçlerinden elde edilen deneyimler sisteme girişimci ve çekirdek yönetim ekipleri tarafından yeniliğin artımlı dönüşümü ve rekabetçi stratejilerin uygulanması için dahil edilmektedir. Burada dikkat edilecek diğer unsur da yeniliğin ve sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajının birlikte, girişimci ve ekibini ifade eden çarkla ilişki halinde olmasıdır. Değişim ve ona bağlı sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı ancak girişimci ve ekibi katmanlardan gelenleri değerlendirip uygulamaya geçirdiği sürece gerçekleşecektir ve uygulamalar organizasyona özel ('tailor made') olacaktır. Oluşturulan özetin sektör paydaşlarına farklı yeniliklerin geliştirilmesi için stratejik bir yol gösterici olması hedeflenmektedir.
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ÖgeUser-centered interface design for BIM-IoT enabled fire emergency response system(Graduate School, 2023-06-09) Rezaeifam, Sanam ; Günaydın, Hüsnü Murat ; Pehlevan Ergen, Esin ; 502162455 ; Project and Construction ManagementBuilding fire emergencies are considered a high-risk domain for significant loss of lives and property. Accurate information and Situational Awareness (SA) enable fire responders to make timely decisions and perform safe operations during fire emergencies. Advanced technologies, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have the potential to supply information required for decision-making during a fire emergency. However, the information retrieved from these technologies fails to cover all the critical knowledge required for situational awareness (SA) or fails to present this information to the users in a usable and effective way. This dissertation aims to define fire emergency responders' SA Goals, Decisions, and Information (GDI) requirements to specify design characteristics of SA-oriented user-centered Fire Emergency Information Systems (FERS) based on combined Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The semi-structured scenario-based interviews were conducted with ten Municipal fire department experts to determine GDI requirements. Based on the identified requirements, the SA-oriented use-case and sequence data models for decision-support FERS were developed to reveal the dynamic aspect of the FERS and to describe how the system should behave to enhance the SA of responders. The use-case data model visualizes the possible interactions of fire responders with the system, and the sequence data models visualize the order of the interactions and the call/return messages between the lifelines of the FERS. The validation of the GDI requirements and data models was performed by obtaining experts' feedback, and based on the feedback; the models were finalized. The SA GDI requirements and data models used for FERS's user-centered interface design to support responders with higher SA. The iterative design process was used based on a User-Centered Design (UCD) method and principles of UI (User Interface) design to determine the functional and visual requirements of the UI; Then, these requirements were used to define the graphical user interface (UI) characteristics of the FERS. For validation, the fire response experts evaluated the usability of the user interface via a questionnaire, which combined Usability Metric for User Experience (UMUX) and After-Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ). Also, the experts were interviewed to retrieve their suggestions for improvement and the design was revised to include these suggestions. The findings showed that the developed UI focuses on effectively achieving user goals and has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of fire responding operations, minimizing the risk of loss of life and property damage. Besides, effective decision support systems, especially in cases where the skills and training of the firefighters are not sufficient can direct the emergency response.