Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği

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http://hdl.handle.net/11527/25331

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  • Öge
    Electrocatalytic performance of interconnected self-standing tin nanowire network produced by AAO template method for electrochemical CO2 reduction
    (Wiley, 2023) Er, Dilan ; Avcı, Burçak ; Ürgen, Mustafa ; orcid.org/0009-0008-2120-2994 ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3549-0049 ; Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği
    In this study, we used a specially designed aluminum anodic oxide (AAO) template technique to produce interconnected self-standing tin nanowire electrocatalysts having a high surface-to-volume ratio for CO2 reduction toward formate. These electrodes consisted of interconnected tin nanowires with 150 nm diameter and 7 μm length supported on 70–100 μm thick tin film. As prepared electrodes produced 6 times higher formate than the flat tin sheets, yet Faradaic efficiencies (FE%) were unsatisfactory. The main reason for low FE% is determined as the etching of native oxide on tin nanowires during hot alkali treatment to remove AAO and remnant aluminum. Porous anodic oxidation in 1 M NaOH solution was realized to recover tin oxides on the surface. Anodized tin nanowire electrocatalysts produced higher formate than anodized tin sheets, reaching FEformate% of ~87 at −1 V vs. RHE cathodic reduction potential. Moreover, while anodic oxide on flat tin flaked off the surface in 1 h, these electrodes preserved their integrity and formate production ability even after 12 h.
  • Öge
    Waste to resource : surface modification of electric arc furnace flue dust by ball milling and in situ carbonization
    (Springer, 2024) Gülcan, Mehmet Feryat ; Karahan, Billur Deniz ; 0000-0002-1224-5473 ; 0000-0002-7839-2222 ; Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği
    In this article, instead of synthesizing the electrode active material using expensive precursors that lead to high carbon emissions to the atmosphere during fabrication, an alternative engineering approach is presented for the utilization of the electric arc furnace flue dust, which is an industrial waste, as anode material in lithium-ion batteries. In this scope, firstly ball milling of the flue dust with citric acid is applied and then in situ carbonization conditions are optimized by pyrolyzing the mixture at different temperatures (600 °C and 750 °C) and times (4 h and 6 h). Every sample delivers capacities greater than graphite. Structural, morphological, and chemical characterization results demonstrate that the designed method not only promotes the formation of a nanometer-thick carbon layer formation over the particles but also induces partial phase transformation in the structure. The best performance is achieved when citric acid is used as the carbon source and the ball-milled powder is treated at 600 °C for 4 h in nitrogen (C6004): It delivers 714 mAh g−1 capacity under a current load of 50 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. This research is expected to set an example for the utilization of different industrial wastes in high value-added applications, such as energy storage.
  • Öge
    Investigation of the effects of titanium oxide concentration on the sinterability, microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, in vitro bioactivity, and cell culture behavior of chicken-derived hydroxyapatite
    (Springer, 2024) Gökçe, Hasan ; 0000-0001-7892-5642 ; Prof. Dr. Adnan Tekin Malzeme Bilimleri ve Üretim Teknolojisi UYG-AR Merkezi
    This study focuses on how titanium oxide (TiO2) in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 4% by weight added the hydroxyapatite (CHA) made from chicken femur bones’, affects sinterability, microstructural, mechanical, and in vitro bioactivity properties. According to the results of the experiments, it was determined that CHA decomposed into whitlockite, alpha tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), and calcium oxide (CaO) phases at different temperatures. Rutile and perovskite (CaTiO3) phases were also found in TiO2 added CHAs in addition to these phases. With increasing sintering temperature of CHA, the diameters and the heights of the samples decreased. Density increased up to 1250 °C and decreased at 1300 °C respectively. while the partial density value showed similar behavior with density and hardness, At 1200 °C, the maximum values of fracture toughness (1.071 MPam1/2) and compressive strength (145.417 MPa) were attained; however, as sintering temperatures increased, these values shifted downward to 0.882 MPam1/2 and 111.096 MPa, respectively. It has been determined that grain growth and decomposition are the underlying factors in obtaining the highest density, hardness, fracture toughness and compressive strength values for CHA at different temperatures. Among the TiO2 added CHAs, the best properties are obtained for CHA-0.5TiO2 sintered at 1300 °C (Density: 3.0057 g/cm3, Hardness: 3.973 GPa, Fracture toughness: 1.583 MPam1/2 and Compressive strength: 170.045 MPa) and the properties of the CHA-TiO2 composite decreased with increasing TiO2 ratio. This is due to the fact that increasing TiO2 has a detrimental impact on CHA’s sinterability behavior and causes it to become more porous and degrade more quickly. It was discovered through in vitro bioactivity and cell culture assays that the addition of TiO2 had a detrimental impact on the proliferation of bone tissues.
  • Öge
    Thermodynamic investigations for combustion-assisted synthesis of lithium orthosilicate powders
    (Springer, 2024) Benzeşik, Kağan ; Yücel, Onuralp ; 0000-0003-0996-5151 ; 0000-0002-3879-0410 ; Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği
    The study investigates the combustion-assisted synthesis of lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) powders for potential CO2 capture applications. Technical-grade lithium carbonate and metallic silicon powders were used as starting materials. Synthesis conditions were explored across temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 °C and different holding durations. Thermodynamic modeling using FactSage 8.2 software suggested that Li4SiO4 production is feasible at temperatures of 700 °C and higher with metallic silicon as the silicon source, which was confirmed experimentally. Characterization of the synthesized powders involved X-ray diffraction, specific surface area determination, particle size distribution analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and CO2 uptake tests. Despite having the lowest Li4SiO4 content as 83.7%, the sample synthesized at 700 °C with 45 min of holding time showed the best CO2 uptake performance as 12.80 wt% while having the lowest crystallite size value (126.58 nm), the highest specific surface area value (4.975 m2/g) and the lowest average particle size value (10.85 µm) which are highly effective on the CO2 uptake performance of such solid sorbents. The study concludes that while challenges remain in achieving optimal CO2 capture performance, it lays a foundation for utilizing lithium orthosilicate in carbon capture applications.
  • Öge
    Synthesis and characterization of BaIrO3-doped YBCO superconducting thin films via TFA-MOD technique
    (Springer, 2024) Bektaş, Murat ; Birlik, Işıl ; Çelik, Erdal ; Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği
    High-temperature superconducting materials (HTS) are characterized by remarkably high critical current density (Jc) values when exposed to low temperatures and magnetic fields. In the realm of such investigations, various crystalline imperfections, including finely dispersed non-superconducting phases, dislocations, vacancies, grain boundaries, twin boundaries, antiphase boundaries, and insulating regions within grain boundaries, have been recognized as potential sources of pinning centers. However, it is essential to acknowledge that Jc values experience a rapid decline as the temperature rises in the presence of a magnetic field. The primary contributing factors to this decline are attributed to the intrinsic crystalline anisotropy of HTS materials and the thermal fluctuations that prevail at elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, a noteworthy factor in the diminishment of Jc values is the scarcity of efficacious pinning centers. In response to these challenges, a pioneering technology has emerged, revolving around nanostructure engineering for the deliberate creation of artificial pinning centers within HTS materials. In alignment with this approach, the present study endeavors to augment the critical current density and enhance the flux pinning properties of YBa2Cu3O6.56 (YBCO) superconducting films. This augmentation is achieved through the integration of BaIrO3 (BIO) perovskite nanodots, nanorods, or nanoparticles as strategically positioned pinning centers. The films are deposited on a SrTiO3 (STO) substrate employing the Trifluoroacetate Metal–Organic Deposition (TFA-MOD) technique. This research initiative seeks to contribute to the advancement of knowledge regarding the controlled manipulation of artificial pinning centers in HTS materials, particularly focusing on YBCO thin films, with the ultimate goal of enhancing their performance under the influence of elevated magnetic fields.
  • Öge
    Enhancing the sustainability of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) through ketene-based chain extension
    (Springer, 2024) Alkan Göksu, Yonca ; Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği
    The widespread utilization of nonrenewable fossil-based polymers has led to significant environmental damage. Bio-based Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has garnered substantial academic and industrial interest in the last two decades due to its advantageous characteristics for food packaging applications. Nonetheless, the improper disposal of PLA continues to contribute to the plastic waste problem. PLA recycling mainly involves thermal processes, facing challenges due to PLA’s limited stability. This study aims to enhance PLA’s molecular weight and melt viscosity by using chain extenders to increase its degree of branching. A modular chain extender capable of thermally forming highly reactive ketene intermediates is employed to react with PLA’s hydroxyl and carboxyl end groups in a single step. For this purpose, copolymers of styrene and 2,2,5-trimethyl-5-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione were synthesized using free radical polymerization and characterized through 1H-NMR, TGA, and DSC analyses. The chemical interaction between these chain extenders and molten PLA was also explored, resulting in increased PLA molecular weight and higher melting temperature (Tm), reaching 155.1 for PLA_2.5CE2. Additionally, the branching introduced through this process led to a notable increase in the UV absorption of PLA, suggesting potential applications in the packaging industry. The chemical tunability of this functional ketene-based chain extender holds promise for tailoring PLA’s structure for diverse applications, further advancing its sustainability and utility.
  • Öge
    Cryo-assisted nitrogen treatment for the fabrication of nanoengineered, mixed transition metal oxide anode from inorganic domestic waste, for lithium-ion batteries
    (Springer, 2024) Ashraf, Humza ; Karahan, B. Deniz ; 0000-0002-7839-2222 ; Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği
    A novel method for the fabrication of nanoengineered, mixed transition metal oxide anode active material is proposed based on implementing liquid nitrogen treatment during the chemical precipitation process, for the first time in open literature. Such interference in the precipitation is believed to change the surface energy of the nuclei leading to differentiation in the growth process. To exemplify this hypothesis with an environmentally friendly approach, kitchen scourer pads, an existing waste, are used as a starting material instead of using a mixture of primary quality metals’ salts. Therefore, in this study, firstly, an optimization is realized to leach the scouring pad with 100% efficiency. Then, by applying a conventional chemical precipitation to this leachate at pH 5.5, Sample 1-P is produced. Herein, innovatively liquid nitrogen treatment is carried out during the chemical precipitation to produce Sample 2-P. Lastly, these precipitates (Samples 1-P, 2-P) are calcinated in the air to form mixed transition metal oxide powders: Samples 1 and 2, respectively. Structural, chemical, and morphological characterizations are carried out to examine the effect of liquid nitrogen treatment on the powders’ properties. To discuss the effect of nitrogen treatment on the electrochemical performances of the anode active materials (Sample 1 and Sample 2), galvanostatic tests are realized. The results show that Sample 2 demonstrates a higher 1st discharge capacity (1352 mAh/g) and retains 62% of its performance after 200 cycles when 50 mA/g current load is applied. Moreover, this electrode delivers around 500 mAh/g at 1 A/g current load. The remarkable cycle performance of Sample 2 is believed to be related to the superior chemical, structural, and physical properties of the electrode active material.
  • Öge
    Melt rheological and bead foaming behavior of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polybutylene terephthalate blends modified with a joncryl chain extender
    (American Chemical Society, 2024) Akdevelioğlu, Yavuz ; Himmelsbach, Andreas ; Ruckdäschel, Holger ; Nofar, Mohammadreza ; 0000-0002-8917-7990 ; 0000-0001-5985-2628 ; 0000-0002-4364-2930 ; Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği
    This study investigates the melt rheological properties and foamability of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) and its blends with polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) modified through an epoxy-based Joncryl ADR 4468 chain extender. A twin-screw extruder was used to prepare rPET/PBT blends at various weight ratios (i.e., 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100) and with varying Joncryl chain extender contents (i.e., 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt %). The small-amplitude oscillatory shear rheological experiments were conducted to analyze the melt viscoelastic behavior of the samples. The melt strength and strain-hardening behavior of the compounds were examined by measuring the extensional rheology and Rheotens tests. Crystallization analysis was conducted on the processed samples by using differential scanning calorimetry. The bead foaming behavior of the samples was investigated using a batch-based foaming reactor with supercritical CO2. Both compounding with PBT and Joncryl chain modification increased the complex viscosity, melt strength, and strain-hardening behavior of the blends, while their synergistic effect revealed a more noticeable enhancement. Although direct modification of rPET with Joncryl and its direct compounding with PBT could not generate a meaningful foam structure, a homogeneous microcellular foam structure could successfully be induced when 25 wt % rPET was incorporated in blends with PBT modified with 1.0 wt % Joncryl.
  • Öge
    Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of nanostructured ErB4 and NdB4 rare-earth tetraborides
    (Wiley, 2024) Boztemur, Burçak ; Kaya, Faruk ; Derin, Bora ; Öveçoğlu, Mustafa Lütfi ; Li, Ju ; Ağaoğulları, Duygu ; orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-9826 ; orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-5586 ; Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği
    Rare-earth borides have become very popular in recent decades with high mechanical strength, melting point, good corrosion, wear, and magnetic behavior. However, the production of these borides is very challenging and unique. The production of ErB4 and NdB4 nanopowders via mechanochemical synthesis (MCS) is reported in this study first time in the literature. Er2O3 or Nd2O3, B2O3, and Mg initial powders are mechanically alloyed for different milling times to optimize the process. Rare-earth borides with MgO phases are synthesized, then MgO is removed with HCl acid. The nanostructured rare-earth tetraboride powders are analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the XRD, ErB4 powders are produced successfully at the end of the 5 h milling. However, the NdB4 phase does not occur as the stoichiometric ratio, so the B2O3 amount is decreased to nearly 35 wt%. When the amount of B2O3 is decreased to 20 wt%, NdB4 and NdB6 phases are 50:50 according to the Rietveld analysis. However, a homogenous NdB4 phase is obtained with 30 wt% loss of B2O3. The average particle sizes of ErB4 and NdB4 powders are nearly 100.4 and 85.6 nm, respectively. The rare-earth tetraborides exhibit antiferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic-like phase transitions at 18 and 8.53 K, respectively.
  • Öge
    A study on tailoring silver release from micro-arc oxidation coating fabricated on titanium
    (Wiley, 2024) Kayan, Gizem Özge ; Muhaffel, Faiz ; Kayan, Asgar ; Nofar, Mohammadreza ; Cimenoglu, Huseyin ; orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-2930 ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9921-7108 ; Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği
    This study is initiated with the aim of regulating the release of silver (Ag) as an antibacterial agent from the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating. Herein, an external 5 wt% Tin(II) chloride (SnCl2) containing biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) layer is formed on the 0.8 wt% Ag-incorporated MAO coating by the dip coating method. 5 wt% SnCl2 addition into PCL provides a steady release of Ag into concentrated simulated body fluid (1.5X SBF) from the underlying MAO coating at 37 °C. When the Ag release rate is taken into consideration, it is quantified as 0.0089 and 0.0586 ppm day−1 for PCL-covered MAO and PCL-free MAO coatings, respectively. It is finally concluded that the preliminary result of this study can be promising for minimizing the in vivo adverse effects of Ag+ ions arising from rapid release as well as maintaining antibacterial efficacy for prolonged periods, which is ideal for preventing the risk of postimplantation infections.