Effects on the transportation of pollen grains and inorganic particles in sedimentological processes

Abstract

Sedimentary particles can be inorganic or organic origin. While these materials are the size of clay or sand, the environments they are transported in are solid, liquid, gases or their mixtures. These sedimentary particles, no larger than grains of sand or clay, come from both inorganic and organic sources. Remarkably, they travel with forces that propel them through a surprising variety of environments, not just water or air, but also solids, and even mixtures of these states. Their transportation takes place in the form of creep movement under tectonics or gravity in solids, laminar flow, density flow, or discrete partial bulk or fully discrete granular, depending on the types of physical forces in gases and liquids. These forces, originating from inorganic or biological sources as same as particles, act on the particles with or without significantly altering the surrounding environment. For example, while the interactions of pollen grains with each other during their movements in the air and the interactions coming from the atmosphere are in question, today it has been understood that the bees flying in the air have gained a positive charge and accordingly, they collect and carry the pollen with a negative charge in the plant by static electricity attraction. Secondly atmospheric electric and other carrier environments such as wind, water, density currents understanding these interactions between themselves is essential for various fields at natural sciences.