İstanbul’da Hafriyat Toprağı, İnşaat Ve Yıkıntı Atıklarının Tersine Lojistik Yöntemiyle Alternatif Yönetim Planı
İstanbul’da Hafriyat Toprağı, İnşaat Ve Yıkıntı Atıklarının Tersine Lojistik Yöntemiyle Alternatif Yönetim Planı
Dosyalar
Tarih
2013-01-08
Yazarlar
Altındağ, Saffet
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Hafriyat toprağı, inşaat ve yıkıntı atıkları katı atık türü olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Katı atıkların yönetiminden farklı olarak, bu atıkların geri kazanımını ve bertaraf edilmesini içeren yönetim sistemi, birçok zorluk içeren büyük bir kentsel sorundur. Hafriyat toprağı inşaat ve yıkıntı atıkları ve yönetimiyle ilgili bu tez çalışması beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, bina temel kazısı ile inşa / yıkım faaliyetleri ve altyapı faaliyetleri sonucu oluşan hafriyat toprağı, inşaat ve yıkıntı atıklarının üretimi, toplanması, taşınması, geri kazanımı ve bertaraf edilmesini içeren yönetim planından ve bu yönetim planında, mevcut sistemden farklı olarak dikkate alınması gereken hususlardan bahsedilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, hafriyat toprağı, inşaat ve yıkıntı atıkları ile ilgili temel tanımlar ve mevcut mevzuatlarla ilgili literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca İstanbul, İzmir ve Kocaeli illeri, Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri, ABD ve diğer ülkelerde hafriyat toprağı, inşaat ve yıkıntı atıkları yönetiminde mevcut durum incelenmiştir. Literatürde belirtilen örnekler ve metotlar dikkate alınarak, yeni bir sistem oluşturmak için; Türkiye’de üretilen hafriyat toprağı, inşaat ve yıkıntı atıklarının yaklaşık % 60’ının üretildiği yer olan İstanbul, İzmir ve Kocaeli Büyükşehirleri veri sağlayan bölgeler olarak alınmıştır. Dolayısıyla üç büyükşehir, hafriyat toprağı, inşaat ve yıkıntı atığı üretimi açısından bu tezin ana inceleme konusu olmuştur. Yönetim planı ise buralardan elde edilen veriler dikkate alınarak oluşturulmuştur. Üçüncü bölümde, yerel şartlar, güncel nüfus verileri, tahmini nüfus verileri ile Uluslararası ve İstanbul koşulları göz önüne alınarak elde edilen kişi başı üretim miktarı yardımıyla İstanbul’da üretilecek hafriyat toprağı, inşaat ve yıkıntı atık miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde, İstanbul’da bina temel kazısı ile yıkım ve altyapı faaliyetleri sonucu oluşan hafriyat toprağı, inşaat ve yıkıntı atıklarının üretimi, toplanması, taşınması, geri kazanımı ile depolanarak bertaraf edilmesi işlemlerinin sistematik bir ağ içerisinde ve bir atık borsası yardımıyla yönetim sistemini öneren yaklaşımlarda bulunulmuştur. Hafriyat toprağı, inşaat ve yıkıntı atıklarının geri kazanımı veya uygun yöntemle bertaraf edilmesi için oluşturulan yönetim planında; atıkların geri kazanımı ve depolamasının verimli ve etkili şekilde planlanması, uygulanması ve kontrol edilmesi işlemlerinin tümünü içeren Tersine Lojistik Yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından yönetilecek atık borsasının ve ilçe belediyelerinin kanunlar çerçevesinde atıkları azaltma ve geri kazanım uygulamalarının esas çerçevesini ise genellikle yerel yönetimlerin kullandığı Genel Tersine Lojistik Ağı oluşturacaktır. Çünkü bu ağ sistemi, hem geleneksel katı atık hiyerarşisi ile hem de kaynak, risk ve atık yönetimini çevresel boyutlarıyla inceleyen Çevre Yönetim Sistemi (ÇYS) ile de uygunluk göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla hem sistem geliştirilmekte, hem de çevresel etkiler kontrol altına alınabilmektedir. Beşinci bölümde, hafriyat toprağı, inşaat ve yıkıntı atıklarının üretimi, toplanması, taşınması, geri kazanımı ve bertaraf edilmesini içeren yönetim planında dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar belirtilmiş ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes are classified as a type of solid waste. Unlike the management of solid wastes, the management system consisting of recycling and disposal of these wastes is a large urban problem with many difficulties. This research study is composed of five sections related with excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes management. In the first section, the management plan including the generation, collection, transportation, recycling and disposal of the excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes formed as a result of the foundation excavation, building / demolition activities, and substructure building activities was mentioned. In addition to this, the significant factors in this management system apart from the current system were mentioned. In the second section, basic definitions related with the excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes and the literature review about the existing legislation were made. In addition, the current situation in the management of the excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes in Istanbul, Izmir and Kocaeli metropolitan cities, the European Union countries, the United States and other countries was researched. By taking the examples and methods in the literature into account to create a new system; Istanbul, Izmir and Kocaeli metropolitan cities where approximately 60% of the excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes produced in Turkey were taken as the areas that provide data. Therefore, these three metropolitan cities were the main subject of this research study in the production of excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes and the management plan was established by considering the data obtained from these places. In the third section, the amount of excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes in Istanbul was calculated via the amount of per capita production by considering the local conditions, the current population data, estimated population data and international conditions. In the fourth section, some approaches which suggest the management system by the help of waste exchange within a systematic network including the generation, collection, transportation, recycling and disposal of the excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes formed as a result of the foundation excavation and demolition activities and substructure building activities were made. Reverse Logistics Method including all the operations about the efficient and effective planning, implementation and control of waste recycling and storage was used in the management plan which was formed for the recycling and proper disposal of excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes. General Reverse Logistics Network which is often used by local municipalities will be used in the Waste Exchange to be formed by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and in the data bank supported by the district municipalities. Since the network system is consistent not only with the traditional hierarchy of solid waste but also with Environmental Management System (EMS) which studies the management of source, risk and waste within environmental dimensions. Therefore, both the system is developed, and the environmental effects can be controlled. In the fifth section, the factors which must be considered in the management plan of excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes including their production, collection, transportation, recycling, and disposal operation were pointed out and then some suggestions were made.
Excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes are classified as a type of solid waste. Unlike the management of solid wastes, the management system consisting of recycling and disposal of these wastes is a large urban problem with many difficulties. This research study is composed of five sections related with excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes management. In the first section, the management plan including the generation, collection, transportation, recycling and disposal of the excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes formed as a result of the foundation excavation, building / demolition activities, and substructure building activities was mentioned. In addition to this, the significant factors in this management system apart from the current system were mentioned. In the second section, basic definitions related with the excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes and the literature review about the existing legislation were made. In addition, the current situation in the management of the excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes in Istanbul, Izmir and Kocaeli metropolitan cities, the European Union countries, the United States and other countries was researched. By taking the examples and methods in the literature into account to create a new system; Istanbul, Izmir and Kocaeli metropolitan cities where approximately 60% of the excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes produced in Turkey were taken as the areas that provide data. Therefore, these three metropolitan cities were the main subject of this research study in the production of excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes and the management plan was established by considering the data obtained from these places. In the third section, the amount of excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes in Istanbul was calculated via the amount of per capita production by considering the local conditions, the current population data, estimated population data and international conditions. In the fourth section, some approaches which suggest the management system by the help of waste exchange within a systematic network including the generation, collection, transportation, recycling and disposal of the excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes formed as a result of the foundation excavation and demolition activities and substructure building activities were made. Reverse Logistics Method including all the operations about the efficient and effective planning, implementation and control of waste recycling and storage was used in the management plan which was formed for the recycling and proper disposal of excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes. General Reverse Logistics Network which is often used by local municipalities will be used in the Waste Exchange to be formed by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and in the data bank supported by the district municipalities. Since the network system is consistent not only with the traditional hierarchy of solid waste but also with Environmental Management System (EMS) which studies the management of source, risk and waste within environmental dimensions. Therefore, both the system is developed, and the environmental effects can be controlled. In the fifth section, the factors which must be considered in the management plan of excavation soil, construction and demolition wastes including their production, collection, transportation, recycling, and disposal operation were pointed out and then some suggestions were made.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler
hafriyat toprağı,
inşaat atığı,
yıkıntı atığı,
İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi,
tersine lojistik yöntemi,
yönetim planı,
maden alanı,
orman alanı,
katı atık,
excavation soil,
construction waste,
demolition waste,
Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality,
reverse logistics method,
management plan,
mining area,
forest area,
solid waste