Ergimiş Tuz Elektroliz Yöntemiyle Çeliklerin Borlanması Ve Proses Parametrelerinin Optimizasyonu
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Bu tez çalışmasında, ergimiş tuz banyolarından, elektrokimyasal redüksiyon yolu ile çeliklerin borlanması ve proses parametrelerinin optimizasyonu çalışılmıştır. Borürleme koşullarına bağlı olarak oluşan tabakanın karakterizasyonu farklı yöntemlerle (metalografik inceleme, sertlik, ince film x-ışınları ile faz analizi, korozyon hızı) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneyler, dışarıdan yüksek frekanslı fırın yardımıyla ısıtılan grafit bir pota içerisinde, platin anot ve çelik malzeme katot olarak kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, ergimiş tuz elektroliziyle borlama işleminde süre (0 – 2 saat), sıcaklık (800 – 1000oC), elektrolit bileşimi, akım yoğunluğu (50 – 700 mA/cm2) ve iletkenlik değiştirici katkıların (NaCl, NaOH, Na2CO3, CaCl2, LiCl2, BaCl2) etkisi incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda 200 mA/cm2 akım yoğunluğu, 900°C sıcaklık, % 10 Na2CO3 + % 90 Na2B4O7 içeren elektrolit içinde 1 saatlik katodik yükleme ile en kalın borür tabakası (yakl. 130 ) elde edilmiştir. Borür tabakasının parabolik hız kanununa uygun olarak denklemi uyarınca büyüdüğü ve tabaka yapısında FeB, Fe2B ve az miktarda Fe3B fazlarının oluştuğu deneysel olarak tespit edilmiştir. Borür tabakasına yapılan korozyon testleri neticesinde, HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4 ve HClO4’a karşı dayanımın yüksek olduğu ancak tabakanın HNO3’e karşı dayanım göstermediği belirlenmiştir.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the electrochemical boronizing of steels from molten salt. The investigation is directed towards to determine the characterization of boride layer and the application of electrolytic boriding conditions. The characterization of boride layer formed depending on boronizing conditions are determined by different methods such as metallography, hardness, thin-film XRD and corrosion rate. The boriding experiments by molten salt electrolysis were carried out into a high frequency furnace containing a graphite crucible with a platinum anode and a steel cathode material. In this study, the effects of experimental parameters (temperature of the electrolyte (800-1000oC), processing time (0-2 hours), current density (50-700 mA/cm2), additives (NaCl, NaOH, Na2CO3, CaCl2, LiCl2, BaCl2) and the composition of electrolyte etc.) on the boriding of steels by molten salt electrolysis were investigated. Experiments show that the current density of 200 mA/cm2, the temperature of 900°C, and the electrolyte composition of 10 % Na2CO3 + 90 % Na2B4O7 are found to be the optimum boriding conditions in a 1 hour cathodic deposition and the thickest boride layer of approximately 130 is obtained. The dependence of the rate of the boride layer formation on electrolysis time was found to have a parabolic character. The growing of boride layer is appropriate to the following equation: . The formation of FeB, Fe2B and trace amount of Fe3B phases are experimentally determined. The corrosion tests were carried out in different media such as; HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, HNO3, and HClO4 (10 % vol.). Electrochemically borided low carbon steel showed high resistance to HCl, H2SO4 and HClO4, however, it was irresistant to HNO3.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the electrochemical boronizing of steels from molten salt. The investigation is directed towards to determine the characterization of boride layer and the application of electrolytic boriding conditions. The characterization of boride layer formed depending on boronizing conditions are determined by different methods such as metallography, hardness, thin-film XRD and corrosion rate. The boriding experiments by molten salt electrolysis were carried out into a high frequency furnace containing a graphite crucible with a platinum anode and a steel cathode material. In this study, the effects of experimental parameters (temperature of the electrolyte (800-1000oC), processing time (0-2 hours), current density (50-700 mA/cm2), additives (NaCl, NaOH, Na2CO3, CaCl2, LiCl2, BaCl2) and the composition of electrolyte etc.) on the boriding of steels by molten salt electrolysis were investigated. Experiments show that the current density of 200 mA/cm2, the temperature of 900°C, and the electrolyte composition of 10 % Na2CO3 + 90 % Na2B4O7 are found to be the optimum boriding conditions in a 1 hour cathodic deposition and the thickest boride layer of approximately 130 is obtained. The dependence of the rate of the boride layer formation on electrolysis time was found to have a parabolic character. The growing of boride layer is appropriate to the following equation: . The formation of FeB, Fe2B and trace amount of Fe3B phases are experimentally determined. The corrosion tests were carried out in different media such as; HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, HNO3, and HClO4 (10 % vol.). Electrochemically borided low carbon steel showed high resistance to HCl, H2SO4 and HClO4, however, it was irresistant to HNO3.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2004
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2004
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2004
Konusu
elektrokimyasal borlama, ergimiş tuz elektrolizi, electrochemical boronizing, molten salt electrolysis
