Ofis aydınlatması

Abstract

Comparison of glare indices are listed with tables.For exataiple:At viewing angles of 55 degrees or greater from the vertical the average luminance of a direct luminaire preferably should not exceed 850 candelas per square meter. Lighting affects almost every aspect of our lives. Lighting is both an art and a science. Every part of lighting considerations must take place with importance as it is our health and comfort. Written for lighting designirs,architects,interior designers,engineers and facilities managers,this practice provides recommendations for the lighting of offices where computer VDT's are used. Guidelines are also offered in lighting requirements for visual comfort and good visibilitiy,with an analysis of the impactof the general lighting on VDT visual tasks.Various systems for direct and indirect general lighting methods are discussed with emphasis on their impact on VDT visual tasks. Suggestions and guidelines are offered for avoiding or reducing VDT visual task diffucilties.Daylight is discussed with suggestions for reducing the VDT viewing problems it may cause. XII The illuminance in a room can be calculated by using the following formula:,, F.n.N.UF.MF E = Where E=illuminance (Lux) F=Luminous flux of the light source at 2000 hours (in lumens) n=number of lamps per luminaire N=number of luminaires A=area to bu lit (in square meters) UF=Utilisation Factor of the luminaire in the room MF^Maintanance Factor The light from the source of high luminance will be scattered in the eye across the retinal image of the task and change the local state of adaptation of the retina. The net effect of these changes is to reduce the visibility of the task. It can be calculated by Holladay's formula:,"" En Lv=10£- 7Qn2 Where Lv=the equivalent veiling luminance (cd/m ) En=the illuminance at the eye on a plane perpendicular to the line sight from the n glare source (lux) th Qn=the angle between the line of sight and the n glare source (degrees) XI Comparison of glare indices are listed with tables.For exataiple:At viewing angles of 55 degrees or greater from the vertical the average luminance of a direct luminaire preferably should not exceed 850 candelas per square meter. Lighting affects almost every aspect of our lives. Lighting is both an art and a science. Every part of lighting considerations must take place with importance as it is our health and comfort. Written for lighting designirs,architects,interior designers,engineers and facilities managers,this practice provides recommendations for the lighting of offices where computer VDT's are used. Guidelines are also offered in lighting requirements for visual comfort and good visibilitiy,with an analysis of the impactof the general lighting on VDT visual tasks.Various systems for direct and indirect general lighting methods are discussed with emphasis on their impact on VDT visual tasks. Suggestions and guidelines are offered for avoiding or reducing VDT visual task diffucilties.Daylight is discussed with suggestions for reducing the VDT viewing problems it may cause. XII The illuminance in a room can be calculated by using the following formula:,, F.n.N.UF.MF E = Where E=illuminance (Lux) F=Luminous flux of the light source at 2000 hours (in lumens) n=number of lamps per luminaire N=number of luminaires A=area to bu lit (in square meters) UF=Utilisation Factor of the luminaire in the room MF^Maintanance Factor The light from the source of high luminance will be scattered in the eye across the retinal image of the task and change the local state of adaptation of the retina. The net effect of these changes is to reduce the visibility of the task. It can be calculated by Holladay's formula:,"" En Lv=10£- 7Qn2 Where Lv=the equivalent veiling luminance (cd/m ) En=the illuminance at the eye on a plane perpendicular to the line sight from the n glare source (lux) th Qn=the angle between the line of sight and the n glare source (degrees) XI Comparison of glare indices are listed with tables.For exataiple:At viewing angles of 55 degrees or greater from the vertical the average luminance of a direct luminaire preferably should not exceed 850 candelas per square meter. Lighting affects almost every aspect of our lives. Lighting is both an art and a science. Every part of lighting considerations must take place with importance as it is our health and comfort. Written for lighting designirs,architects,interior designers,engineers and facilities managers,this practice provides recommendations for the lighting of offices where computer VDT's are used. Guidelines are also offered in lighting requirements for visual comfort and good visibilitiy,with an analysis of the impactof the general lighting on VDT visual tasks.Various systems for direct and indirect general lighting methods are discussed with emphasis on their impact on VDT visual tasks. Suggestions and guidelines are offered for avoiding or reducing VDT visual task diffucilties.Daylight is discussed with suggestions for reducing the VDT viewing problems it may cause.