Reaktif Ve Sönümlü Susturucuların Akustik Modellenmesi
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Reaktif ve sönümlü susturucuların analitik yöntemlerle akustik modellenmesi ve bulunan sonuçların deneyle kanıtlanması bu tezin konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu tezin amacı, bir susturucu performans kriteri olan ses iletim kaybı için gerekli araçları geliştirerek, egzos tasarımcılarının tasarımda kullanabilecekleri yararlı sonuçları ortaya koymaktır. Böylece, ülkemizdeki egzos susturucusu tasarımcıları, kullanılacağı yer ve amaçlara göre en uygun susturucunun tasarımı için hangi matematiksel yaklaşımlar ve deneysel yöntemler kullanabileceklerini toplu olarak bu tezde bulabileceklerdir. Reaktif tip susturucuların temel prensibi, susturucudan geçen gürültü azaltımı için, akustik enerjinin kaynağa geri yansıtılmasıdır. Sönümlü tip susturucuların temel prensibi ise, susturucudaki akustik enerjinin azaltımının susturucu boyunca kullanılan çeşitli yutucu malzemelerle azaltılmasıdır. Egzos sistemini oluşturan elemanların akustik olarak modellenmesinde çeşitli teorik yöntemler ve deneysel yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. İki boyutlu analitik yöntem, sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ve transfer matris yöntemi bu teorik yöntemlere örnek olarak verilebilir. Teorik incelemelerde, egsoz sistemlerinin analizinde sınır frekansına kadar olan frekans alanı içinde çok iyi sonuçlar veren transfer matris yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Bunun sebebi, transfer matris yönteminin iki boyutlu analitik yönteme göre daha kolay uygulanabilir olmasıdır. Buna ek olarak, sonlu elemanlar yöntemine göre daha küçük boyutlu matrisler ortaya çıktığı için bilgisayarlarda daha hızlı ve daha rahat kullanılabilmesi de bir başka tercih sebebidir. Deneysel incelemelerde ise, transfer matris yöntemini esas alan “iki yük yöntemi”, “iki kaynak yöntemine” tercih edilmiştir. Bunun sebebi egzos uç borusundaki empedansı değiştirmenin kaynağı değiştirmekten daha kolay olmasıdır.
The subject of this thesis is the acoustic modeling of reactive and dissipative mufflers by making use of the analytical and the experimental methods. The purpose of this thesis is to develop useful tools for the exhaust designers in the design of exhaust mufflers by making use of the sound transmission loss concept as a muffler performance criterion. Hence, the exhaust system manufacturers in our country can select the best method and the most appropriate muffler type depending on the usage area and the size of the vehicle as well as the testing method by using the information provided in this thesis. The fundamental principle of reactive mufflers is the reflection of the acoustic energy back to the source in order to attenuate the noise passing through the muffler. The fundamental principle of dissipative mufflers is the absorption of acoustic energy by using various acoustic materials through the muffler. There are various theoretical and experimental methods employed in acoustic modeling of components which constitute the exhaust system. The “Two Dimensional Analytical Method”, the “Finite Element Method” and the “Transfer Matrix Method” are given as some examples of the theoretical methods. In the theoretical investigations, the transfer matrix method is preferred in the acoustic analyses of the exhaust systems. This method provides perfect matching results with the experimental results up to cut-off frequency in the frequency range of interest. The reason for using the transfer matrix method is that it is easier to apply as compared to the two dimensional analytical method. Additionally, the transfer matrix method employs smaller matrices than the finite element method and this makes the transfer matrix method faster and more applicable on computers. In the experimental studies, “two load method” is preferred against the “two source method” both utilizing the transfer matrix method. In the “two load method” as it is easier to change the impedance at the tailpipe rather than changing the acoustic source this method was preferred.
The subject of this thesis is the acoustic modeling of reactive and dissipative mufflers by making use of the analytical and the experimental methods. The purpose of this thesis is to develop useful tools for the exhaust designers in the design of exhaust mufflers by making use of the sound transmission loss concept as a muffler performance criterion. Hence, the exhaust system manufacturers in our country can select the best method and the most appropriate muffler type depending on the usage area and the size of the vehicle as well as the testing method by using the information provided in this thesis. The fundamental principle of reactive mufflers is the reflection of the acoustic energy back to the source in order to attenuate the noise passing through the muffler. The fundamental principle of dissipative mufflers is the absorption of acoustic energy by using various acoustic materials through the muffler. There are various theoretical and experimental methods employed in acoustic modeling of components which constitute the exhaust system. The “Two Dimensional Analytical Method”, the “Finite Element Method” and the “Transfer Matrix Method” are given as some examples of the theoretical methods. In the theoretical investigations, the transfer matrix method is preferred in the acoustic analyses of the exhaust systems. This method provides perfect matching results with the experimental results up to cut-off frequency in the frequency range of interest. The reason for using the transfer matrix method is that it is easier to apply as compared to the two dimensional analytical method. Additionally, the transfer matrix method employs smaller matrices than the finite element method and this makes the transfer matrix method faster and more applicable on computers. In the experimental studies, “two load method” is preferred against the “two source method” both utilizing the transfer matrix method. In the “two load method” as it is easier to change the impedance at the tailpipe rather than changing the acoustic source this method was preferred.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2006
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2006
Konusu
susturucu, reaktif, dissipatif, perfore, transfer matris yöntemi, muffler, reactive, dissipative, perforated, transfer matrix method
