Bağımsız konutlarda en uygun ısıtma sisteminin belirlenmesi

Abstract

Binalarda ısıtma sistemi ve yakıt seçimi aşamasında alternatifler arasından en uygun olanının belirlenmesinde birçok güçlükle karşılaşılmaktadır. Proje sorumlusu, uygulayıcı ve bina sahibi arasında karar vermeyi kolaylaştıracak bir çalışma yapılması bu tezin konusunu oluşturmuştur. Değişik ısıtma sistemleri, değişik yakıt kombinasyonları ile yıllık yatı n m maliyeti, yakıt ve bakım işletme maliyetleri karşılaştırmalı olarak tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca sistem ve yakıtların maliyet açısından karşılaştırılmasının yanısıra birbirleri ile konfor, çevre kirliliği, bölgeye göre genel politikalar açısından da karşılaştırmalar yapılarak en uygun sistem ve yakıtın seçilmesi kolaylaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla İstanbul U. ısı bölgesinde dört katlı bir bağımsız konut örnek olarak seçilmiş ve yakıt olarak doğalgaz, motorin ve elektrik, ısıtma sistemi olarak ise radyatöriü sistem, döşemeden ısıtma sistemi, ısıtma santrali ve hava kanallı sistem, fan coilli ve ısı pompalı sistem, split tip ısı pompalı sistemlerin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır.

Today, the energy conservation, economic conditions and the need to prevent the air and environmental pollution in large living areas make necessary to decide on the heat production system of a district according to the results of a detailed and carefully made feasbility study. in this study, six district heating system altematives are considered and analyzed by selecting the area of İstanbul, a four floors house as a sample district. The energy issue necessitates a rational and more effıcient use of the energy resources, and it points out the need for research that should be carried out in the field of new and renevvable energy resources. The economical use of energy and its savings is very important in Turkey because 48 % of the total energy consumption is imported. The consumptions of energy acording to sectors are : 41 % in building heating, 33 % in industry, 20 % in transportation, 5 % in agriculture 1 % in other sectors. Natural gaz is a contemprary kind of fuel vvhich is ashless and smokeless. it is easy to use and does not create air pollution, also does not need to be stocked. The main parameter effecting heating system selection is the fuel kind. Especially introducing natural gaz as fuel for heating systems in recently years, altemative heating system choices have been appered and previous preferences have been changed. in the thesis, the six heating systems are höt vvater boller and radiator heating system, höt water boiler and flooring heating system, höt water boiler, heating ventilation unit and air düet system, heat pump, heating ventilation untt and air düet system, heat pump and fan coil heating system, split type heat pump and air düet heating system. x C/î O ü >- < LU > o \- İLİ H > t» O < UJ X XIII Unconscious use of energy is continuing to be one of the most important problems of today. Fuel saving in house heting constites the most important part of the energy problem of our country. According this results, hot water boiler and radiator system is cheapest than the other heating systems. And the natural gas is the most convenient fuel for the cities which is completed the piping system of the natural gas like Istanbul, Ankara and Bursa. In the other hand, some properties cooling and air ventilation are advantage for the other some alternatives. Using natural gas was very limited in Istanbul this year. Igdas should indrease it's gas sell by big compains and reach to the potantiel customers. On the other hand burning low quality coal should be prohibited by the local authorities. Serious emmision limits should be brought to coal, fuel oil and natural gas burning hot water boilers. xiv C/î O ü >- < LU > o \- İLİ H > t» O < UJ X XIII Unconscious use of energy is continuing to be one of the most important problems of today. Fuel saving in house heting constites the most important part of the energy problem of our country. According this results, hot water boiler and radiator system is cheapest than the other heating systems. And the natural gas is the most convenient fuel for the cities which is completed the piping system of the natural gas like Istanbul, Ankara and Bursa. In the other hand, some properties cooling and air ventilation are advantage for the other some alternatives. Using natural gas was very limited in Istanbul this year. Igdas should indrease it's gas sell by big compains and reach to the potantiel customers. On the other hand burning low quality coal should be prohibited by the local authorities. Serious emmision limits should be brought to coal, fuel oil and natural gas burning hot water boilers.