Kayseri Şehri endüstriyel atıksu kirlilik yükü envanterinin çıkartılması ve ön arıtma yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Kayseri il merkezinde yer alan endüstrilerden kaynaklanan endüstriyel atıksu kirlilik yükünün tespiti yapılarak; bu endüstriler için uygun ön arıtma yaklaşımları belirlenmiştir. Endüstrilerden bilgi almak için bir anket formu hazırlanarak işletmelere dağıtılmıştır. Bu formların değerlendirilmesi sonucu endüstriler arasından karakteristik 19 tanesi seçilmiş ve çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Seçilen bu fabrikalar ziyaret edilerek daha kapsamlı bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Bu endüstriler sektörüne ve üretim kapasitelerine göre sınıflandırılarak öncelikle endüstrilerden kaynaklanan evsel atıksu kirlilik yükleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmaya destek veren Kayseri İl Çevre Müdürlüğü, KAYSU ve TSE Bölge Müdürlüğü tarafından yapılan çalışmalar sonucu bu endüstrilerden elde edilen atıksu analiz sonuçlan ve alınan bilgilerden yararlanılarak toplam kirlilik yükleri her bir endüstri için hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlan SKKY ve KAYSU standartları ile karşılaştırılarak her bir endüstri için gerekli ön antma verimleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak endüstrilerin bu ön arıtma verimlerini sağlayabilmeleri için gerekli olan antma sistemleri belirlenerek endüstrilere tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur.In our country, rapid urbanization and industrialization in the last years resulted in a complex environment. A very good example of this can be seen in Kayseri which functions as a bridge between east and west. In Kayseri, old industrial plants have usually been gathered around Orta Sanayi Area and Kumalı because these locations offer easy access to water and convenient transportation to city. But, in parallel to the rapid development in the industrial plants, an Organized Industrial Region is established. Today, most of industries are surrounded by residential and trade areas; thase industries are now located in central places in tehe city which were sub-urban areas in the past. These industries constitute a potential danger and risk regarding environment and human health. These risks are caused not only by wastewater but also other environmental pollution sources such as air pollution, noise and solid waste. With the activation of Kayseri sewers project, industrial plants around Kayseri, especially the ones close to the main collectors, will be able to discharge their wastewater directly to Kayseri sewers. It is therefore necessary to obtain the pollution loads given to the environment by these industries in several ways. Most of the industries in Kayseri discharge their wastewater to sewers system. The construction of Kayseri collector is still continuing. The wastewater that will be gathered in the collector will be discharged domestic to wastewater treatment plant, whose contract is planned to be completed in 1997, and then to Karasu which connects to Kızılırmak. At the moment, home wastewater sometimes mixed with industrial wastewater is discharged to Karasu via an open channel. Some of the industries dischange their wastewater to fosseptic. In this study, wastewaters obtained from a number of industrial plants in Kayseri city center are analysed and compared with standarts, and pretreatment approaches are discussed. A from is prepared to determine the industries which will be included in the study. The forms are distributed to the industries by İl Çevre Müd. and Organized Industrial XII Region Management. Results from previous works are collected bach from industries, evaluated, evaluated and the industries that will be included in the study are determined location, capasity, sector type. A number of criteria including location, capacity, sector type and representability are used to evaluate industries for inclusion in the study. Organized Industrial Region is studied as a singular source since the number of forms collected bach from industries is not sufficient. In the study, wastewaters of 1 9 industries are analysed and evaluated. These can be classified * 5 textile industries * 5 food industries * 9 metal industries First, domestic wastewater loads of the industries are calculated. The following values are used in the calculations. Wastewater samples are analysed to obtain the wastewater pollution loads of the industries. Result of the works of II Çevre Müd. and TSE are also used. These results are evaluated to calculate the total pollution loads of the industries. Wastewater analysis results of the industries are compared to relevant regulations and pretreatment performance for each industry is determined. Comparions are made to KAYSU and SKKY deperting on the location of the industry. The amount of pollution shows a considerable variation from sector to sector. The sector in which the pollution is highest appears to be the textile sector. The problem has been more serious after big textile industries are surrounded by residential areas. A mechanical treatment solution seens to be difficult since the amount of organic loads in textile wastewaters are relatively high. For instance, some of the analysis values for Atlas Carpet Factory are as follows : XI 11 Ammonia =4.14 mg/lt Sulfit = 14.2 mg/lt pH =9 For this sector, a complete treatment (biological + chemical) is needed to comply with the standarts. Organic substance average removal efficiency for textile industry is around 60%. It is very important to do both biological and chemical treatsments regarding the overall performance of the treatment, instead of doing only biological or chemical treatment. Furthermore, In-plant control will be on efficient factor to decrease the load of the treatment plant. Another industry whose organic load is high is the food industry. Seker Fabrikasi, Meysu and Et Balik Kurumu have very high pollutions amounts. For instance, some of the pollution consantrations of the Seker Fab. are as follows : The pollution load of the Seker Fab. is very high due to the high amount of water usage. Organic substance removal efficiency for Seker Fab. is near 90%. It is very difficult to abtain a performance at this level. For this reason, it is useful to pass the wastewater coming to the treatment plant through a flow equalization tank. A biological treatment must be performed following a physical treatment. For Et Balik Kurumu and Kemsan, physical treatment must be efficiently performed since the amounts of oil - grease and suspented solid are very high in these plants. There seens to be no big problem for metal industries. The reason for this is that most of the industries discherge their wastewater to severs. It is seen that most of the parameters are under limits wher compared to the channel discharge standarts of KAYSU. In some of the industries, oil - grease amount is above the limits. These industries should use on oil - removal unit. In this sector, in - plant control will be very useful to reduce the pollution load and increase the reclamation and reuse. For instance, some of the pollution consantrations of the Erciyes Boru are as follows : COD = 250 mg/lt SS = 88 mg/lt Oil-Grease = 1 50 mg/lt Cu =4.15 mg/lt Fe = 10 mg/lt Aluminum =3.5 mg/lt Ag =1.27 mg/lt Ni = 3.7 mg/lt Total Cr =2.5 mg/lt pH = 6.5 XIV «i VI S T3 C S O J3 « W).O İt o e 2 c « 1 * vs O.5 E S" ?S o E I 1 e o 09 I e o o ?o t» e o o, 3 o. e. o o o o I" O O İP o o O -o 1 2 o o o ö e o S o o © Tİ Ö o o o ö S3 f ta S o- s 3 Ö 3 c3 en o o o S -o o o o o (N S* u -o e o S o o