Yayın: Kemik İliği Ve Adipoz Doku Kökenli Mezenkimal Kök Hücrelerin Ve Dermal Fibroblastların Adipojenik Farklılaşma Potansiyellerinin Karakterize Edilmesi
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Moleküler Biyoloji-Genetik ve Biyoteknoloji
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology and Genetics
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Yayıncı
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
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Özet
Özellikle son on yılda yapılan çalışmalar, adipoz dokunun inert bir doku olmaktan çok, aktif bir endokrin organ olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu gelişmeler ise bilimcileri adipoz hücreleri olan adipositlerin kökenlerini araştırmaya yöneltmiştir. Bu bağlamda yapılan en önemli keşif, adipoz dokuda yerleşik olarak bulunan mezenkimal kök hücrelerin bulunmasıdır. Ancak bu hücrelerin kısıtlı çoğalma kapasiteleri sonradan anlaşılmıştır, dolayısıyla adipoz dokuyu dışarıdan besleyen, adipoz dokuda yerleşik olmayan ata hücrelerin bulunduğu hücresel kaynaklar fikri ortaya çıkmıştır. Belirtilen açıklamaya göre bu yüksek lisans tezinin birincil önceliği, kemik iliğinden (BM72 & BM78) ve adipoz dokudan (LA47) elde edilen mezenkimal kök hücrelerin ve dermal fibroblast (DF24) hücrelerinin adipojenik farklılaşma kapasitelerinin anlaşılmasıdır. Bu amaç için 3 tane marker gen (proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), perilipin, and adiponectin (ADPQ)) ekspresyon dereceleri açısından karşılaştırmalı qRT-PCR tekniği ile analiz edilmişlerdir. Adipojenik uyarıma bağlı olarak mezenkimal kök hücrelerde, marker genlerin ekspresyonları yüksek oranda artmış, fibroblastlarda ise tam etkinleşmemiştir. Şaşırtıcı olan sonuç ise mezenkimal kök hücrelerin gen ekspresyon kinetiklerinin karşılaştırılmalarıyla bulunmuştur. Buna göre, ekspresyondaki değişiklikler bu hücre soylarının yeni çevrelere adaptasyon geliştirdikleri veya doğalarında farklı özellikler taşıdıklarını göstermektedir. Bu yüzden, yapılan buluş bu kök hücrelerin farklı adanmışlık seviyelerine sahip oldukları anlamına gelebilir ki, bu ise adipositlere farklılaşan hücrelerin ve onların atalarının ayırımı açısından anlamlı olabilir. Fibroblast hücreler, adipojenik farklılaşma kapasitelerinin daha iyi anlaşılması için, gen ekspresyon çalışmalarına ek olarak immünofloresans boyama ile analiz edilmişlerdir. Bu hücrelerin yağ parçacık yapılarına ve hücre şekillerine dair anlamlı bulgular elde edilmiş olsa da, fibroblastların bu farklılaşma türüne başlayıp devam ettiklerini net olarak söylememize olanak sağlayacak bulgulara rastlanılamıştır. Diğer bağ doku üyeleri gibi, adipoz dokuda da ekstrasellüler matriks yapısal bir iskele görevi görür. Bu ise dokudaki sinyalizasyon olayları açısından gereklidir. Tezin bu son aşamasında, farklı türdeki ekstrasellüler matriks proteinleri, adipojenik farklılaşma üzerindeki etkileri açısından analiz edilmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda, kollajen tip I’in ve fibronektinin adipojenik farklılaşmayı arttırıcı ve koruyucu etkilerine rastlanılırken, kollajen tip IV ve laminin nötral bir etki göstermişlerdir.
Research of especially the past decade has pointed adipose tissue as a highly active endocrine organ rather than being an inert tissue. This also promoted investigations on the origins of adipocytes. In this context, the most important finding was the discovery of the adipose tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells. However, it has been lately understood that these cells have a limited proliferative capacity, thus the idea occured that there should be other sources, feeding the tissue from non-adipose tissue resident progenitor cells. According to this statement, the principal aim of this master’s thesis was to understand the adipogenic differentiation potentials of two bone marrow (BM72 & BM78) and one adipose tissue (LA47) -derived mesenchymal stem cell strains and a dermal fibroblast cell strain (DF24). For this purpose the relative expression levels of the adipogenic marker genes proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), perilipin, and adiponectin (ADPQ) were analyzed with qRT-PCR. Upon adipogenic induction, the expression profiles of marker genes were largely intensified in all MSCs from bone marrow or fat tissue, while expression was only rudimentary in dermal fibroblasts. The surprising finding at this part was gained by the comparison of the gene expression kinetics of the MSCs. Accordingly, the differences in expression between these cell strains mirrored an initial adaptation to the different environments or distinct inherent traits. This may point to a difference in the commitment stages of MSCs from bone marrow and adipose tissue, also allowing the discrimination of early progenitors and their progeny, the pre-adipocytes. For better understanding of the adipogenic differentiation potential of DF24 cells, they were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining in parallel to gene expression assays. Although the observed oil droplet formation or cell shape changes were indicative of adipogenesis, there was no definite proof to say that dermal fibroblasts initiate and proceed in true adipogenic differentiation. As other connective tissues, adipose tissue is structured by a sscaffold of extracellular matrix (ECM) which exerts signalling functions, too. At the last part of the thesis, different types of ECM proteins were examined for their influences on adipogenesis. Herein, promoting and mainteaning effects on adipogenic differentiation were found for collagen type I and fibronectin whereas collagen type IV and laminin proteins did not reveal any measurable effect.
Research of especially the past decade has pointed adipose tissue as a highly active endocrine organ rather than being an inert tissue. This also promoted investigations on the origins of adipocytes. In this context, the most important finding was the discovery of the adipose tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells. However, it has been lately understood that these cells have a limited proliferative capacity, thus the idea occured that there should be other sources, feeding the tissue from non-adipose tissue resident progenitor cells. According to this statement, the principal aim of this master’s thesis was to understand the adipogenic differentiation potentials of two bone marrow (BM72 & BM78) and one adipose tissue (LA47) -derived mesenchymal stem cell strains and a dermal fibroblast cell strain (DF24). For this purpose the relative expression levels of the adipogenic marker genes proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), perilipin, and adiponectin (ADPQ) were analyzed with qRT-PCR. Upon adipogenic induction, the expression profiles of marker genes were largely intensified in all MSCs from bone marrow or fat tissue, while expression was only rudimentary in dermal fibroblasts. The surprising finding at this part was gained by the comparison of the gene expression kinetics of the MSCs. Accordingly, the differences in expression between these cell strains mirrored an initial adaptation to the different environments or distinct inherent traits. This may point to a difference in the commitment stages of MSCs from bone marrow and adipose tissue, also allowing the discrimination of early progenitors and their progeny, the pre-adipocytes. For better understanding of the adipogenic differentiation potential of DF24 cells, they were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining in parallel to gene expression assays. Although the observed oil droplet formation or cell shape changes were indicative of adipogenesis, there was no definite proof to say that dermal fibroblasts initiate and proceed in true adipogenic differentiation. As other connective tissues, adipose tissue is structured by a sscaffold of extracellular matrix (ECM) which exerts signalling functions, too. At the last part of the thesis, different types of ECM proteins were examined for their influences on adipogenesis. Herein, promoting and mainteaning effects on adipogenic differentiation were found for collagen type I and fibronectin whereas collagen type IV and laminin proteins did not reveal any measurable effect.
Tanım
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011
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İTÜ tezleri telif hakkı ile korunmaktadır. Bunlar, bu kaynak üzerinden herhangi bir amaçla görüntülenebilir, ancak yazılı izin alınmadan herhangi bir biçimde yeniden oluşturulması veya dağıtılması yasaklanmıştır.
İTÜ theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.
İTÜ theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.
Anahtar Kelimeler
kök hücre biyolojisi, adipojenesis, obezite, stem cell biology, adipogenesis, obesity
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