LEE- Uçak ve Uzay Mühendisliği Lisansüstü Programı

Bu topluluk için Kalıcı Uri

http://hdl.handle.net/11527/19473

Gözat

Yazar "Acar, Hayri" ile LEE- Uçak ve Uzay Mühendisliği Lisansüstü Programı'a göz atma
  • Öge
    Detailed design of a long endurance small unmanned aerial vehicle
    (Graduate School, 2024-06-13) Yüzgeç, Şems İkbal ; Acar, Hayri ; 511201186 ; Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering
    Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are finding applications in various fields both in our country and around the world, driven by steadily increasing demand. The applications of UAVs span diverse sectors, including agriculture, surveillance, environmental monitoring, disaster response, and delivery services. In agriculture, UAVs equipped with multispectral cameras contribute to precision farming by providing real-time data for crop health assessment. In surveillance and security, UAVs play a pivotal role in monitoring large areas and critical infrastructure. Moreover, UAVs have proven invaluable in disaster response scenarios, offering rapid and efficient aerial assessments of affected areas. Hence, this study presents an overview of our ongoing study focused on the design and development of a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) tailored for low altitude, long endurance Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) missions. The project aims to address current gaps in UAV technology in Turkey for efficient and sustainable ISR operations. One of the key features of the UAV design is its independence from traditional runways for takeoff and landing. It integrates a catapult-assisted takeoff system, which allows for rapid deployment from confined spaces. For recovery, the UAV is designed to be captured using a hook system. This capability significantly enhances the UAV's operational flexibility, allowing it to be deployed and retrieved in diverse environments, including remote or rugged terrains and also on ship decks. Although the main effort of the study focuses on the design of the UAV platform, requirements for launch and recovery are determined, and the load created in these phases is calculated to determine the structural requirements of the airframe. Since the recovery system mentioned in the study is a little-known system, it is aimed to increase interest in this and similar systems by emphasizing the advantages of this system. In addition, the development cost, fixed cost and variable costs of the project are revealed and it is shown how much the UAV system mentioned in the study will cost to the investor or institution that wants to realize this project.
  • Öge
    Numerical and experimental study of fluid structure interaction in a reciprocating piston compressor
    (Graduate School, 2022-01-14) Coşkun, Umut Can ; Acar, Hayri ; Güneş, Hasan ; 511132113 ; Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering
    Consisting of household refrigerators, cold storages, cold chain logistics, industrial freezers, air conditioners, cryogenics and heat pumps, refrigeration industry are a vital part of many sectors such as food, health care, air conditioning, sports, leisure, production of plastics and chemicals along with electronic data processing centers and scientific research facilities, which can not operate without refrigeration. There are roughly 5 billion in operation refrigeration systems which consumes 20% of the electricity used worldwide, responsible of 7.8% of GHG emission of the world, 500 billion USD cost of annual equipment sale, 15 million of employed people. Around 37% of global warming impact caused by refrigeration is direct emission of fluorinated refrigerants (CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs), 63% is due to indirect emission caused by electricity generation required for refrigeration. Both economic goals of making refrigeration units cheaper, more durable, and environment concerns of making these units more efficient and less hazardous for the world, require meticulous research and study on these refrigeration units. Approximately 40% of refrigeration units consist of domestic refrigeration systems alone where mostly hermetic, reciprocating type compressors are used. Design and improvement of such compressors is a multidisciplinary subject and requires deep understanding of heat and momentum transfer between refrigerant and solid component of compressor which can only be done through scientific investigation, using experimental and numerical techniques. In this thesis study, concerning the advantages of numerical studies, a multi-physics numerical model of flow through the gas line of a household, hermetically sealed, reciprocating piston compressor and the fluid structure interaction around the valve reeds including the contact between deformable parts was developed. Concerning the complexity of the model, the problem divided into several steps and at each step, numerical results are validated with experiments. In the first chapter of this thesis, the motivation behind the thesis study is discussed along with a theoretical background about refrigeration, compressors, fluid-structure interaction and a comprehensive literature survey are summarized to express the position of the thesis study among academic literature and it's novelty. In the second chapter, experimental studies conducted throughout the thesis are presented. Experimental studies divided into two sections. In the first section, the valve reed dynamics are investigated experimentally outside the compressor in multiple test conditions. A test rig is built for this reason, and the displacement of valve reed under constant point load, free oscillation and the impact of valve reed to valve plate from a pre-deformed form are measured, in order to validate the numerical work. In the second section, the compressor specifications such as cooling capacity, compression work, average refrigerant mass flow rate, along with surface temperature and instantaneous pressure variation from several locations inside the compressor are measured inside a calorimeter setup, to provide boundary conditions and validation for numerical analyses. Numerical work of the thesis study is explained in the third chapter. Modelling the whole compressor gas line between compressor inlet and outlet, including the strong coupled interaction between the refrigerant and deformable solid parts such as valve reeds is too complex of an attempt to do in a single step. Therefore, the numerical problem divided into seven smaller numerical problems and investigated consecutively. At each consecutive steps, problems are isolated, identified, solved and results are validated. The similarity of each step to the final model is increased along with it's complexity as a natural consequence at each consecutive steps. The numerical studies also briefly cover the advantages and disadvantages of using an open source or a commercial multi-physics solver, where OpenFOAM and Ansys Workbench software are utilized for this purpose, respectively. After the simplified steps of the numerical model are completed, the whole gas line of a compressor produced by Arçelik is modelled. The numerical results compared against experimentally obtained data and a good agreement is achieved between them. The developed method is further used for parametric investigation on compressor design to show the capabilities and the benefits of the numerical model. Finally, results of whole thesis study, the experience gained throughout the thesis work and the planned future work are discussed in the final chapter.
  • Öge
    Quantitative analysis of aircraft aerodynamic derivatives using the least squares method in a six degrees of freedom flight simulation environment
    (Graduate School, 2024-08-21) Altınışık, Furkan ; Acar, Hayri ; 511201165 ; Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering
    This thesis presents an in-depth analysis of aircraft aerodynamic derivatives using the Least Squares Method (LSM) within a six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) flight simulation environment. The primary objective is to evaluate and compare the performance of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) methods in estimating aerodynamic parameters under various flight conditions, including ideal, turbulent, and error-induced scenarios. A detailed 6-DOF flight simulation model was developed using data from the SIAI Marchetti S211 aircraft. This model integrates various subsystems, including equations of motion, aerodynamics, engine dynamics, and atmospheric conditions. The Newton-Raphson method was employed to maintain steady-state conditions, ensuring the aircraft's trim state was accurately represented. For solving the differential equations derived from the equations of motion, the Runge-Kutta method was chosen due to its robustness and accuracy in handling the nonlinearities associated with flight dynamics in the simulation model. The aerodynamic forces and moments were linearized using the small disturbance theorem, which simplifies the complex nonlinear equations into a more manageable linear form. This linearization allowed for the formulation of force and moment coefficients as functions of aerodynamic derivatives. These derivatives, critical for understanding the aircraft's behavior, were estimated using both OLS and RLS methods. Realistic flight data was simulated under various conditions, including ideal scenarios without any disturbances, scenarios with atmospheric turbulence, and scenarios with systematic sensor errors. The Dryden turbulence model was used to simulate realistic atmospheric disturbances, providing a continuous representation of turbulence that affects the aircraft during flight. Systematic sensor errors were introduced to understand their impact on the accuracy of parameter estimation. The OLS method provided single-step parameter estimates by processing all data points simultaneously, making it straightforward and computationally efficient. In contrast, the RLS method updated parameter estimates incrementally as new data became available. This dynamic approach allowed the RLS method to adapt to changes over time, making it particularly suitable for real-time applications where system characteristics may vary. Performance metrics such as the $R^2$ statistic and standard deviation were used to evaluate the estimation accuracy. These metrics provided quantitative measures of how well the estimated parameters matched the true values, with the $R^2$ statistic indicating the proportion of variance explained by the model and the standard deviation providing a measure of the estimation precision. The analysis revealed that both OLS and RLS methods produced accurate results under ideal and turbulent conditions. The presence of atmospheric turbulence did not significantly affect the estimation accuracy, as the average error introduced by the turbulence was zero. This robustness highlights the effectiveness of LSM in handling real-world flight data with environmental disturbances. However, when systematic sensor errors were introduced, both OLS and RLS methods showed biased estimation results. The bias was evident in the deviation of the estimated aerodynamic derivatives from their true values, underscoring the importance of accurate and error-free measurement data for reliable parameter estimation. Further analysis demonstrated that increasing the sampling frequency improved the performance of the RLS method. At higher frequencies, such as 50 kHz, the RLS estimates converged more closely to the true values, even in the presence of systematic sensor errors. This improvement is attributed to the reduced information loss in higher frequency sampling, which captures more details and variations in the data that might be missed at lower frequencies. This finding suggests that higher sampling rates can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of sensor errors on parameter estimation. The design of control surface inputs was identified as a crucial factor influencing the accuracy of aerodynamic parameter estimation. Optimal input design, which involves selecting appropriate control surface deflections, ensured accurate estimation results. Conversely, non-optimal inputs led to discrepancies between the estimated and true values. This emphasizes the need for carefully designed excitation maneuvers during flight tests to obtain reliable aerodynamic data. The RLS method demonstrated particular advantages in dynamic environments due to its ability to update estimates in real-time. This adaptive capability allowed it to maintain accuracy even when the system characteristics changed over time. However, the OLS method exhibited slightly better performance at lower frequencies, showing less sensitivity to variations in sampling rates. Both methods showed distinct strengths, with OLS excelling in stable, low-frequency scenarios and RLS proving superior in dynamic, high-frequency conditions. The theoretical expected value formulas for the parameter estimates were validated using the simulation model outputs. This validation confirmed the presence of bias when systematic errors were introduced and reinforced the high accuracy of estimates under both ideal and turbulent conditions. In conclusion, this thesis provides a comprehensive evaluation of OLS and RLS methods for estimating aerodynamic derivatives in a 6-DOF flight simulation environment. The findings demonstrate the robustness of these methods under various flight conditions, highlight the impact of systematic sensor errors, and underscore the importance of optimal input design and high-frequency data sampling under linear database.