LEE- Tekstil Mühendisliği Lisansüstü Programı

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http://hdl.handle.net/11527/19465

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Yazar "Atalay, Özgür" ile LEE- Tekstil Mühendisliği Lisansüstü Programı'a göz atma
  • Öge
    Development of textile-based resistive pressure sensing socks in diabetes mellitus for early detection of DFU
    (Graduate School, 2024-06-28) Tosun, Abdullah Ömer ; Atalay, Özgür ; 503211801 ; Textile Engineering
    Today, millions of people suffer from diabetes that will last a lifetime. The energy necessary for people to continue their daily life activities is obtained from protein, carbonhydrates and fats. These basic nutrients need to be broken down into the smallest pieces in order to be absorbed. The most important of these nutrients are simple sugars called glucose. Cells contain glucose, which the human body needs, It makes it usable with the help of the hormone secreted by the organ called the pancreas. The name of this hormone is insulin. If this hormone does not work properly, the food taken cannot be used as energy. Diseases that occur as a result of a deficiency of the insulin hormone or not working properly are called diabetes. This disease can occur in people during childhood, or it can occur after the age of 20s and 25th depending on genetic reasons. The disease shows itself as Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Since it is a disease that progresses in a very insidious and painless way, the disease may not be diagnosed for many years. Since Type 1 diabetes mostly occurs in childhood and youth, this disease is called juvenile diabetes in the literature. These patients have to take insulin hormone externally as a lifelong supplement. In our society, 10% of diabetes patients are Type 1. Type 1 diabetes is a disease that is included in the group of diseases called autoimmune diseases and continues throughout life. The immune system, which acts for an unknown reason, damages beta cells in the pancreas, which are responsible for insulin production. When this damage exceeds 80%, disease specifications emerge. The only rule in the treatment of type 1 diabetes patients is insulin therapy. In this type of diabetes, insulin injection is essential and plays a role in saving the patients' life. In addition to insulin injection, a healthy and regular diet, sports and education should be an invariable part of patients' life. In order to maintain these principles and personal care, they should pay maximum attention to these principles. It is essential for patients to keep blood sugar between acceptable levels, to prevent very serious complications such as hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia that may put the person's life at risk, and to provide and maintain ideal body weight and protein consumption, consumption of various foods, excess fiber in foods, consumption of simple sugars under the control of a dietitian and regular doctor appointments should not be interrupted. Exercise should be done regularly every day. In order for patients not to be exposed to advanced complications, they should first take all precautions for their own health. The other disease seen in diabetes patients is type 2 diabetes. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in type 2 diabetes patients. These patients have insulin resistance and insulin secretion abnormality. There are abnormalities in insulin secretion due to genetic factors. Inactivity and desk life trigger this disease as environmental factors. In addition, obesity, one of today's diseases, causes insulin resistance and as a result, diabetes is inevitable. As in Type 1 diabetes patients, Type 2 diabetes patients have to pay close attention to their nutrition, daily physical activity and blood sugar. The person should eat healthy and regularly, and avoid foods and drinks that will cause sudden rise and fall in blood sugar. The patient should also regularly measure blood sugar 6 times on an empty stomach and note the averages and not neglect the doctor's appointments. In both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes diseases, diabetic coma, irreversible damage to vital organs, especially (silent and latent period of diabetes) and in cases where the patient does not receive adequate treatment or neglects the kidneys insidiously and without pain, in the more normal-high stages of diabetes. Bleeding due to intraocular vascular structure can lead the patient to blindness in a very short time. As a result of the deterioration of kidney functions, the patient may be sentenced to dialysis for life. Depending on the damage to the cardiovascular system, permanent damage may occur in the feet and hand limbs of the patients, and accordingly, these limbs must be cut off suddenly. Since the blood cannot go to all organs and limbs in the body in an equal and balanced way in diabetic patients, over time, excess pressure and numbness occur in areas with less blood flow, and accordingly the areas where numbness occurs should be surgically cut. The best example for this is the foot part of diabetic patients. Depending on the disease, the blood cannot reach every region equally on the soles and fingers of the foot and over time, numbness and pressure increasement occur in certain parts of the foot. If the person does not realize this situation in time the damaged tissue is removed by incision method in order to prevent the decay from progressing to other areas comes into play at this point. In the thesis study, it is aimed to carry out a study in order to make early diagnosis in diabetes patients by integrating switch mechanism that is pressure sensitive sensors under socks. The working principle of switch sensors is based on short-cut under pressure. The usage area of switch sensors is gradually expanding due to their advantages such as flexibility, accuracy of data, low energy use and sensor design. In terms of sustainability and ease, the use of switch sensors with parallel conductive layers seems more logical. In this thesis, 3 conductive layers were manufactured and they were separated with mesh fabrics. In the case of abnormal external pressure bottom conductive layers become active and short-cut occurs and in the case of lower external pressure top conductive layers touch each other and short-cut occurs. The data is transferred whereby conductive channels which is TPU coated in order to thwart short-cut during transmitting data from soft sensors to central unit. The resistive sensing mechanism has been adopted due to it is simple to manufacture and doesn't require any kind of dexterity or knowledge of making patterns. It is also overt that there will not be any defect which is derived from sock knitting machine and the budget to set up this system is pretty much lower when it is compared to sock knitting machines. When it is gathered up all these advantages, we can absurb that switch resistive sensing is also workable and effective approach in order to predict DFU before any possible amputation.
  • Öge
    Textile-based soft robotics for active assistance and rehabilitation
    (Graduate School, 2024-07-10) Yılmaz, Ayşe Feyza ; Atalay, Özgür ; Kalaoğlu, Fatma ; 503192801 ; Textile Engineering
    Recent advancements in the field of robotics have proven that soft robots can be used as wearable supports for neuromuscular disorders due to their compliance and ability to imitate complex motions. Soft pouch motors, engineered to mimic the natural movements of skeletal muscles, play a crucial role in advancing robotics and exoskeleton development. However, fabrication techniques often involve multi-stage processes; they lack soft sensing capabilities and are sensitive to cutting and damage. Previous research showed that elastomeric, i.e. silicone, soft pneumatic actuators have a great potential to create soft-wearable robotic devices for these applications. Nevertheless, it takes time to manufacture these types of actuators due to long preparation times. Although silicone-based materials have favorable properties, such as heat, chemical resistance, and the capacity to conform to different range motions, they do present challenges in terms of material density, stiffness, and strength. This work introduces a new textile-based pouch motors with the capacity for biaxial actuation and capacitive sensory functions, achieved through the application of computerized knitting technology using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarn (Spectra®) and conductive silver yarns. This method enables the rapid and scalable mass fabrication of robust pouch motors. The resulting pouch motors exhibit maximum lifting capacity of 10 kilograms, maximum contraction of 53.3% along the y-axis, and transverse extension of 41.18% along the x-axis at 50 kPa pressure. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) closely matches the experimental data, validating the design and performance of these pouch motors. The capacitance signals in relation to contraction motion are well-suited for detecting air pressure levels and hold promise for applications requiring robotic control. A practical demonstration of the potential of these pouch motors is showcased through the development of a soft ankle exosuit designed to provide lifting support for individuals with foot drop, a condition that impairs the ability to lift the front part of the foot. The exosuit effectively elevates an ankle joint simulator to a 20-degree angle. Moreover, the application of approximately 35 degrees of dorsiflexion torque to a human foot has been successfully achieved under a pressure of 50 kPa, highlighting its potential in assisting with mobility challenges. This study underscores the importance of incorporating both actuation and sensing capabilities in soft robotic systems, which can significantly enhance functionality and user experience. This work not only advances the field of soft robotics but also offers a solution for improving the quality of life for individuals with impaired muscle function. Through the integration of robust, scalable fabrication techniques and advanced materials, this research paves the way for the next generation of assistive devices, promising greater independence and mobility for users. The most challenging aspect of this work was to provide dorsiflexion movement to the foot through a textile-based actuator. Therefore, numerous preliminary studies and methods were attempted to achieve this goal. These preliminary studies evaluated actuators that generated insufficient force for lifting the foot and were applied in exoskeleton-assisted glove applications for the hand. These studies were included in the "Previous Works" section of the thesis. Moreover, healthy individuals naturally perform the gait phases of "heel strike," "stance," "heel off," and "swing" during walking. When the swing phase begins, the ankle dorsiflexes, lifting the toes off the ground to ensure the continuity of the walking cycle, which starts with the heel strike. During the preliminary studies, a novel interdigital capacitive textile sensor was developed using knitting technology to analyze gait through human knee movements. The details of this study are included in the "Previous Works" section. However, controlling the robotic system using this sensor proved to be complex. Therefore, a simpler method was implemented: a textile-based presence/absence sensor placed on the heel. This approach simplified the control system, making it more manageable.