Divriği Halk Müziğinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Divriği Yöresi Halk Müziğinin İncelenmesi" konulu çalışma İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Enstitüsü Türk Halk Müziği bölümünde bitirme tezi olarak hazırlanmıştır. Divriği'nin Tarih, Coğrafya, Tarihi eserler, Divriği ağzı, Divriği şairlerine yer verildikten sonra; kendi çalışmamız olan yöre ezgilerinin incelenmesine geçilmiştir. Yöre ezgileri uzun havalar, kırık havalar ve oyun havalan ayrı ayrı ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Bu ezgiler kendi aralarında da incelenerek konuların şimdiye kadar incelenmemiş olan nitelikleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda Divriği Halk Müziği'nin incelenmesi konusunda bir çalışma oluşturulmuştur.

In this thesis we have tried to study fifteen folk melodies which belong to Divriği region in every aspect. In this study we have examined in detail Diriği's history, its past Civilisations, geography, transportation, historical remains, dialects, proverbs, idioms, and the poets that have been born and lived in Divriği and their works. The reason for this is that we believe that the afforementioned, are the factors that influence music deeply. We thought that without examining them, we cannot analyse Divriği Folk music thoroughly. Therefore we have also examined them extremely careful. The main reasan in choosing to examine the folk music of Divriği region is that there have not been a thorough and detailed study in this area. Our procedure in this study will be as such : a) Chapters b) Sentences, that form a whole with small questions and answers. c) Small music sentences. Expressions that form the sentences in (b) In our thesis we will use big letters as A, B, C... symbolically to denote chapters, and small letters as a, b, c, to denote sentences. 1. HISTORY OF DİVRİ?İ The oldest name of Divriği and its history goes back to the Hitites. The regions oldest name known to us is cited as Nikopolis. (the city of victory.) The commander of the Roman Armies Pompei has won the war between the Pont King Mitridat and the Romans in B, C 90. He has given the name Nikopolis to the province to eternalize his triumph. Divriği written as "APBRKE" in old Greek writings was later called widely as "TEPHRIKE" (Tefrike) in the Byzantium Era, after the Roman Empire wan divided into two. -DC- The city which is called as Divrik during toh Ottoman Empire has been give the name. "Divriği" while Turkish Republic was forming. The history of the region can be ewamined in four periods.. Pre-Byzantium and Byzantium Period. Mengücekoğullan Period. The Ottoman Empire Period. The Republic Period The Historical Remains of Divriği When we examine the historical remains of Divriği we see that most of them belong to the Mengücekoğullan period. Apart from them we see remains from the Romans and from 200 years prior to the Romans. Some of the remains are listed below : Divriği Castle (9th-10th Century), Kesdoğan Castle, Sittle Melik Shrine, Kemereddin Shrine, Nureddin Salih Shrine, Ahi Yusuf Shrine, Hüseyin Gazi Shrine, Divriği Ulu Mosque (626-1228-1241), which is one of the masterpieces of the Seljuiki Architecture. Hisar mosque (1180 Mengücek's period), Divriği Darüşşifası, Burmaham Kervansarayı, Pamuklu Inn. 2. GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF DÎVRt?İ a) The situaton of the Town : Divriği is on the south-east of Sivas, near the mid-Anatolian border of the upper Fırat basin. Its area is 2235 km2 and its altitude is 1250 metres average. It is 179 km. away from Sivas by railroad and 184 km. by road. It is surrounded by Erzincan on the east, Kangal on the west, and Zara and İmranlı towns on the north and Malatya on the South. The town is situated in the Çara suyu valley a narrow piece of the plain. Its geological structures carries marks from the third and second times. b) Its Landscape Marks : Its main mountains and valley are as such : In the north there is Çengelli Mountain (2560 m.), Deli Mountain (2150 m.), Yama platearu, Sançiçek platearu. Also many villages have their own platearus. -X- The passages in the province are these : Mamahar passage, between Arapgir and Divriği, Kısıkbel passage. c) Climate : The climate of the town carries all the characteristics of teh continental climate. During winter it snows a lot and it is very cold and generally for 4-5 months there are transportation problems. d) Districts and villages of Divriği : The town has 26 distiricts. At present Divriği has 117 villages and 93 smaller settlements. The town has 4 sub, districts. 3. DİVRİ?İ DIALECT a) In the third chapter of our thesis we have analyzed carrefiilly the way words (idioms and proverbs) are used in Divriği. Thefore we have decided to write nearly the whole of Divriği Dialect. We thought it is necesarry to examine the Divriği Dialect since it is very related to the words of the melodies. We have also given ample examples of curses and superstitions used among the people of the region and tried to convey the people of Divriği. b) The Pets of Divriği : We have conveyed the wandering minstrels and poets of Divriği who are importan for the region's history and culture with their life stories and examples of their works. These poets are Deli Derviş Feryadı, Kul Himmet Üstadım, Fedayî, Sıtkı, Aşık Mahmut Erdal. 4. THE EXAMINATION PLAN İN THE FOL K SONES ANALYZED In this chapter there are the notes of the 15 lyrical folk melodies that have been examined. Each folk melody has been e,amined under the following four headings : Lyrical, Literary structure, rhythmical structure, melodic structure, and form structure. -XI- The notation of the sonfs. The melodies parts. Sentences and small sentences are represented by letters which are shown one the notes. What the letters symbolize are explained in detail in the fourth part of the chapter. a) The analysis of Lyrical and Literary Structure : In this part lyrics, the sentence structure and uyak diagrams of the folk melodies are analyzed. The rhyme structure in the lines are shown as a-b-c-d etc... and the syllabic metres a 6+5=1 1, 4+3=7, 4+4=8 etc... b) The Analysis of the Rhytmical sturucture of the tûrküs : In this part the rhythm, the metronom value and total measure number of the melody have been shown. c) The Analysis of Melodic Structures of the türküs : In this part cadances, sound length, forte notes, altered notes, of the melodies have been shown in the whole. Apart from these (if there are any), melodic progressions sound sustains, melodic and rhytmic variants in the melody, are shown to throw light on the musical structure. Apart from these, if there are any, melodic progresions, sound suotains, melodic and rhythmic varianto in the melody are shown... d) The Formal Structure of the türküs : The melodic, lyrical and rhytmic passages in the melodies are listed as small sentences, sentences and parts and afterwords they are symbolized and the total results are shown. The small sentences are shown as x, y, z, etc. question and answer sentences as a, b, c, etc. The parts are shon as A, B, C... etc. The numbers such as 1-2-3-4 which take place by the question-answer small stences show the measuring numbers. The small sentence which are thematically smilar are shown as xx, yy, zz, etc... The themes that are smilar musically, are also shown in the same way. Sound sustains are shortly shown as S.U. -xn- In the melodies the smallest passages that have a thematic unit are callled small sentences (y, y, z, etc.) passages formed of at least 2 or more smal) sentences are colled sentence (a, b, c, d, etc.) and whole made up of small sentences and sentences are claled parts (A, B, C, D, etc.) In the last chapter notes of other folks melodes of the Divriği Region are given.