Yapı Ürünleri Seçiminde Enformasyon Sistemi Önerisi

Abstract

Bu tez çalışmasının amaca yapı üretim surecinin bütün evrelerinde kullanılabilecek düzeyde, yapı ürünleri seç imine etkin olarak hizmet eden bir yapı ürünleri enformasyon sisteminin geliştirilmesidir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde konunun amacı ve kapsamı belirtilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, veri, enformasyon, sistem ve enformasyon sistemi gibi konuyla İlgili kavramlar ele alınmış, verinin oluşumu, sisteme girmesi, işlenmesi ve enformasyona dönüşmesi gibi ilişkilerden söz edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapı üretim sisteminde yer alan enformasyon alt sistemleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde yapı malzemesi kavramı, yapı malzemesinin ülke ekonomisindeki ve endüstrileşmedeki yeri ve yapı malzemesinin sınıflandırılma şekilleri ele alınmış, yapı ürünleri seçimine etki eden genel faktörlerden söz edilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde dünyada ve Türkiye'de günümüze kadar geliştirilmiş olan yapı ürünleri sınıflandırma ve enformasyon sistemleri kapsamlı olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın beşinci bölümünde incelenen enformasyon sistemlerinin tartışılması yapılmış ve bu sistemlerin birbirlerine göre avantajlı veya dezavantajlı olduğu kriterler irdelenmiştir. Altıncı bölümde tartışılan sistemlerin eksik yönlerinden yola çıkarak bir yapı ürünleri enformasyon sistemi önerisi getirilmiş ve bu sistemin işleyiş yapısı ve yürütülme biçimi açıklanmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde yapı üretim sisteminde yer alacak olan bir yapı ürünleri enformasyon sisteminin gerekliliği ve günümüze kadar bu konuda geliştirilmiş olan enformasyon sistemlerinin ürün seçiminde hangi açılardan yetersiz kaldığı gibi konular ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca yapı ürünleri seçiminde etkin olarak kullanılabilecek, yapı ürünleri konusunda yeterli düzeyde teknik enformasyonun tek kaynaktan elde edilebilme imkanını sağlayan bir yapı ürünleri enformasyon sistemi önerisinin, sağlıklı bir şekilde yürütülebilmesi ve hayata geçirilebilmesi için bu sistemin sahip olması gereken şartlardan ve yapı üretim sürecine katılan karar vericilerin alması gereken sorumluluklardan söz edilmiştir.

System is described as a set of elements that have interrelations and work systematically to reach one or more targets. The building production is a system that has definite targets and sub-systems to obtain these targets. The subsystems of the building production system are: 1) Sources system Labour Capital Land Row material and building material 2) Technology system Conventional system Developed conventional system Industrialised system 3) Organization system Decision system Control system Communication system. Project information system. Management information system. General information system Technology system of the organization Structure system In a building production system, we observe the information system as a sub-system of the organization system. Within the building production system there exist customer, designer and realisers. To realise this system and its targets, there should be information flowing these persons who have roles in the manufacturing of a building and the communication be provided perfectly. A common language should be created among these people. The place of building products in the building production system is also very important. Today, the selection of the building products within the building manufacturing process is a big problem. The building products directly effect the function, performance, shape and cost of a building. For this reason the selection of the product should be correct. In order to make correct selections, the performances and utilisation possibilities of the building products should be known very well, because all the decisions in the selection of a product will be reflected in the construction, utilisation and maintenance phases of the building. Passing from the conventional system to the industrial system caused many improvements in the construction technology. Depending on these developments, the selection of the building products becomes difficult. The reason of the difficulty in the selection of building products depends on both to the building products and users. The reasons of the selection problem depending on the building products are as follows:. Increment in the building lacking. Shortening of the decision making process. Increment in the utilisation possibilities of the building products. Increment in the kinds of the building products. The manufacturing of the same products by the different manufactures.. The measurability of the product properties by the new test methods. Reasons depending on the users:. Variation in the actions of the users. Changing, increasing and conflicting of the user requirements of the users by the new measurement methods and determination of their importance degrees. The most important lacking in the selection of the building products is the insufficient information about the building products. The most important reason of this information insufficiency problem is the highly increasing data within the building production system and the need of their renewal. In our country the most important lacking in the selection of the building products is the limited sources about getting product information:. YEM (Building Industry Center) and equivalent organizations try to ensure the communication among the consumers, producers and users by organizing exhibitions and symposiums.. The YEM Catalogue also services the product information but it is still insufficient about building product information. The informations included in the catalogue are limited by the prospects that the producers sent.. Some technical information about the building products do not even exist in the technical offices of the manufacturers.. University libraries have limited sources because of their economical conditions or some other reasons. The information exchange among the participants in a building process is a very essential task that should be carried^ out in a coordinated way. Several types of information systems are developed in the world to be served in the building process for coordination purposes. These developed information systems are divided into three groups with regard to their contents.. Storing/calling systems. Information systems. Data processing systems The developed information systems include the classification and coding of the information about the building products, creating a common language in communication, and evaluation processes. SfB, CI/SfB, CBC, BSAB, BIC, Plowden, CIB, ER and Çöker systems are investigated in the study. When these investigated systems are evaluated collectively, it was observed that they take place in the conditions of the country they are developed. However some systems are then developed together with the others and gained universal quality because of their utilisation aims and easiness. By considering the design, manufacturing and construction processes of these universal systems, the data transmitting are defined by four different approaches: 1. Functionality 2. Construction technique 3. Kind (shape) 4. Product property But in order to establish the data transmitting completely, one approach is not sufficient so more than one approach is used in many systems. These systems are mostly insufficient with regard to building products and manufacturers information and remain only as a classification system. Besides the conflict in the operational structures of these systems makes them difficult to understand and utilise. So the development of an information system sufficient enough to meet the selection problem of the building products is obligatory. Before attempting to the construct, the following questions should be taken into account:. What kind of products will be treated in the system?. Which type of organization needs the system?. What information should be included in the system?. Who will maintain and update the system?. Is the information system considered for use in the organization or is it directed towards the utilisation among the organizations? In the proposed system, at first the system should be structured generally to provide the continuity and make it flexible to meet the changing requirements and developments of the building manufacturing technology. The structure of the system should be convenient for information retrieval of all kinds of building products. The system may be active in the company of a manufacturer of building products or it may be used in design offices. It may coordinate the site activities of a contractor. The proposed system should obtain a common language among the participants. As the participants take part in the building process, numerous exchanges of information occur among them. The information system serving as a common language eliminates misunderstandings and lack of information as well. The participants as designers, contractors, civil, mechanical and electrical engineers, quantity surveyors, public authorities, manufacturers of building products, suppliers, etc., can make the right choice of the most favourable building products. The form of the system "suitable for use in an organization" indicates a common language inside the organization, whereas the latter form "utilisation of the system among the organization", indicates a system with a wide area of communication, which is favourable state leading to harmonisation of the systems used in organizations. The data about the building products should be transmitted to the decision makers in the easiest and most effective way. In order to reduce the problems resulting from the data transmitting, these data should be collected in data bank. The management, maintenance and updating processes of the system should be carried out by YEM (Building Industry Center) or the equivalent institutions. The datas about building products should be collected at the data bank created in the institution. The participants who takes place in the building manufacturing system have various responsibilities on this subject. The manufacturers should transmit the information about the products they recently produce to the system and play a great role in feeding and continuity of the system. The appliers and users transmit any evaluation they make about the building products to the system and assist to the feedback and control mechanisms of the system. Also the manufacturers develop the performances of their products by the help of these evaluations. Because of too many datas about building products exist in the system, the activities of storing and classification of the informations should be carried out by a team. The system should be directed according to the principals of Electronical Information Processing System that ables to coordinate the activities of storing, deployment and classification of the informations by computers which makes the system more faster. The development of common language which helps information problem should be ensured by the correct classification and coding of the building products exist in the system. The proposed system uses the classification system of YEM in which a code number of a product show the function, form and contents of the product. In the proposed system the detailed information about the manufacturers, the characteristics, technical properties, application and utilisation possibilities and different costs of the products should exist. The content of information should remove the need for a further search through other references and information sources relating to the building products. The summarised data about the products for the rapid selection should also take place in the system. The sub-system of key words about the building products and sub-system of the manufacturers should also provided. Decision makers could access to the system by the help of these two sub-systems. Every data in the system should be in relation with each other and the operating structure of the system should be prepared in order to be understood by the each level manufacturer. The relations between the tables and sub-systems should be clear. Finally, it is thought that the proposed system will provide that the sufficient level of information to be obtained from a single source and the building production system will gain new dimensions