İstanbul'da semt pazarları üzerine bir araştırma

Abstract

Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin problemleri ekonomik köken lider. Çözümleride ülke ekonomisi ile direkt olarak ilişkilidir. Araştırma konusu olarak seçilen pazar yerleride ülke miz özelliklerini, kültürel ve sosyal yapımızı tüm gerçekleriyle yansıtan ekonomik bir olgudur. İstanbul'da pazar yerleri süreç içinde değişiklikler göstererek, bugünkü görünümüne ulaşmıştır. Ancak, bu süreci tamamlarken ve halende pazar yerlerinin bir çok problemi bulunmaktadır. Bu problemler hem pazar ile direkt ilgilileri hem de tüm kenti etkilemektedir. Bu sorunları ortaya çıkar mak ve çözüm önerileri getirmek amacıyla birkaç aşa madan oluşan bir araştırma yöntemi izlenmiştir. Bu araştırma sonucu İstanbul metropoliten alanında kurulan tüm semt pazarlarının konumları, kapasiteleri, fiziksel, bürokratik problemleri saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, pazar yerlerinin konumları imar planla rı ile belirlenmiştir. Problemin temelini plansız konumlanmaları ve plansızlığın getirdiği sorunlar o- luşturmaktadır. Bu sorunlara çözümler, pazarın kurul duğu yerlerde ulaşım açısından ve esnafın yerleşme biçimlerinde çeşitli düzenlemeler yapılmasına ilişkin dir. Ayrıca, tüketici, üretici sorunlarına yerel yö netimlerin katkılarıyla bazı çözümler önerilmiştir.

Today, Turkey in transforming f astly from an under deve loped to a developed country. This fact can be seen in the increasing population of the most cities. The tide of immigration to these cities evolved social and economical problems, such as slums, mashroomed aro und the cities, jobblessness forced many persons to be a street peddlers and than tradesmen. Trading became essential to earn a living so to support ones life in the new environment. Open our mobile mar kets became a natural seen every where in this cities. Usually one day in aweek in a district where the consu mer could reach easily and buy their needs for less cost than in a shopping centers. Mobile markets existed since the old days where mankind in this tribal society invented the trade system and since those days to this day nothing much has changed. These markets used to take place at road corners, mountar in straits, see side harbors and the places allocated to tribal meetings. In ottoman time a building complex on one side would ha ve a faculty, library and eating place. On the other side of the some building a set of shopes would be in cluded. These shops are could ARASTA and are the att raction for people to meet and buy their need from food and clothing. The prices in these days used to be fixed by the trades men. This system of pricing lasted until the last days of the ottoman. After the establishment of the Turkish republic the pricing system regulated by the local muni cipalities department. Presently as the population is fastly increasing the more markets make their sails 50 #- 60 % less priced than the shops and there fore competation forced the shops to sell their materials with less minimum interest and in many cases as near prices to those in the open markets. IV 15-20 years ago mobile markets used to make their tra des once a week in a particular district. But as the demand increased to these markets the tradesmen star ted to do business every day in different district or areas during the whole week. Before.1980 up to now some popular markets have estab lished a lasting tradition and they sell all sorth of materials from food to all industrial production as needed. These markets are so popular that they make their sails only one day in aweek and they attract not only people from the same district but from neighbour district even from near towns and villages. The markets are the Tuesday market in Kadıköy. The Whensday market in Fatih and the Saturday market in Be şiktaş, The municipalities markets are devided in to two sec tions. The first one is a control shopping place, the second one is an open market allocated to open one day in a week. The central shopping is built in a place Where the shops cover variety of materials to answer the need of the citizens. The centers are built in one district of the city on in any town or a villag*. The prices are regulated by the municipality. The open mobile market is allocated to open its desks in one fixed street or piazza for one day of the week. Municipality by low regulate the demand of mobile mar kets according to the density of the populated in this district. The means that the local leader of district submits his application to the municipality he belong to the muni cipality orders the comission to study the issues and accordingly a suitable national place is allocated to be use. Since 5 years all allocated areas to mobile markets in Istanbul metropolitan are fullfilled. The extra demand to new markets the public became impossible. The mu- nicipalility is refusing to make any extansion to these demands. Therefor a new trading business came to the surface, that is atradesman would trade his allocated place for a certain price agreed upon. This sort of dealing has a price according to the pri- orety of the district. The economical directorate is usually the official res ponsible body is controlling all mobile markets. This body covers the economical side, the markets ins pectors, the accountancies, the veteriner doctors and the health directorate as well. In many research as for as town planning is concerned my work lead me to pick up 5 mobile markets in İstanbul metropolitan my investigations concentrated on the fol lowing issues^ Are they suitable in their allocation? Do the producers answer the needs of the cosumer? Do the prices of the same sold materials vary in these varioiars markets? To find out the facts about these issues, I picked up the following markets, 1- The Tuesday market in Kadıköy 2- The Wensday market in Fatih 3- The Saturday market in Beşiktaş The investigations are followed in three stages, The first stage a research on the tradesmen in the markets, The second stage research on shops and house resident living near the markets, The third stage research on consumers dealing in the market. The final results of my investigation according to town planning rules, and regulations became the basic work to these thesis. As far as the mobile markets are concerned the follo wing procedure has been adopted in supporting the thesis. First of all at the district municipality in Istanbul I gathered all concerned informations such as places of mobile markets of the district the size of the al located areas the days allowed to put up their produ ces the kind of various materials allowed for sail. VI The investigation would take place in questions are asked about the quality of material sold and their prices the concumers needs and whether they are satis- field with the produce. Accordingly all collected information are noted down. In Istanbul on the Anotolian side the Tuesday market in Kadıköy district for instance the market covers up 1100 tradesmen, this means 2800 desks officially re gis t er.â. On the European side the Saturday market in Beşiktaş- district is doing business since I960 and the market has 1000 tradesmen and they put nearly 2000 desks demo nstrating all sort of materials. for sale. The Saturday market in Beşiktaş wasn't in the prese- dent area seven years ago. At the beginning this mar ket was in the main street of Beşiktaş, which is cal led Ihlamur street. In this street is popular so crowded and the transportation is very difficult. So the market was moved in 1984 by municipalities the present day street. Again on the European side and in the most populated district in Istanbul the Wensday market in Fatih sip- reads to 3600 desks to cover 30 nearly streets. This market is doing business since 1953 in two or three street. Every year the capacity of the market increased and than reachedabout thirty street. As a result to these findings some of the mobile mar kets in Istanbul metropolitan are placed in unsuitable areas and have no relation whatsever to include town planning rules. Therefor these areas are constantly an attraction to give birth to certain problems, such as a dirty en vironment. Frustration in loading and unloading, the lack to make any future extension. The tradesmen in such markets are limited in their movements and the lack of storring area. The concumers as well are frustrated for they have no places to rest no toiletts. Above all in these markets prices are not shown. VII In market areas the most important need is to have two seperate accesses^ One for the pedestriansand the second for transporta tion. Also an otoparking area for citizens to deal freely in their purchases. Above all tradesmen should demostrade the best quali ties of their materials and the uniformed with stan dart type of dressing reflecting neetness and cle- aness and dealing with the concumers using a proper language in their conversations. Mobile markets are always affected with certain prob lems these problems must be dealt an solved by the tradesmen themselves» The municipality euthouties as well have responsibi lities to share in solving part of these problems.