Ataşehir toplu konut alanında açık alanların değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Ataşehir Toplu Konut Yerleşmesinde gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın amacı, toplu konut alanlarında yer alan açık alanların, kullanıcılar tarafından değerlendirilmesidir. Planlı olarak gelişen Ataşehir yerleşmesinde, konutların çevresinde yer alan açık alanlar, alanların kullanılabilirliği, kullanım şekli, yeterliliği konusunda tespitler yapılmakta, açık alanların kullanıcıların konut yakın çevresinden beklentilerine, yaşam biçimlerine, sosyal ve psikolojik gereksinmelerine cevap verip vermediği araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla kullanıcıların çevrelerini ne şekilde algıladıkları, değerlendirdikleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmakta ve memnuniyetlerinin konut çevresinde hangi özelliklere bağlı olarak değiştiği saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Seçilen çalışma adalarında blokların alçak ve yüksek katlı olmalarına dikkat edilmiş ve açık alan kullanımlarında konutların bu özelliğinin etkisi olup olmadığı konusunda da değerlendirmelere gidilmiştir. Araştırma yedi bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde konuya giriş yapılmış, toplu konut olgusunun tanımı, dünyada ve ülkemizde toplu konut olgusunun tarihsel gelişimi kısaca ele alınmış ve araştırmanın amacı ve kapsamı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde konu tanınılmış, konut, toplu konut, konut çevresi kavramları ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde insan-çevre ilişkisi irdelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede etkileşim teorisi, algısal, bilişsel, davranışsal etkileşim, insan gereksinmeleri ve bu faktörlerin tasarıma etkilerinden bahsedilmiştir. Dördüncü bölüm konut dışı alanların tanıtılmasıdır. Konut dışında yer alan donatılardan ve standartlarında bahsedilmiştir. Beşinci bölüm, çalışma alanının tanıtılmasıdır. Ataşehir Toplu Konut yerleşmesinin konumu, kentsel yapısından bahsedilmiş ve çalışma alanı olarak seçilen 1. Etap konutlarının özellikleri ve açık alan kullanımları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Altıncı bölümde anket çalışmasının kapsamı ve yöntemi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. 120 kişiyle anket görüşmesi yapılmış, anket sonuçlan doğrultusunda, kişilerin sosyo ekonomik durumları, açık alan kullanımları, sahip oldukları farklı özelliklerden dolayı çevrelerini ne şekilde algıladıkları, değerlendirdikleri ve memnuniyetleri ortaya konulmuştur. Son bölüm olan sonuç bölümünde anket sonuçlarından elde edilen değerlendirmelerle, kullanıcıları istekleri ve eksikliği hissedilen konularda önerilere yer verilmiştir.

The main goal of this study is to investigate and examine the open and green spaces in Ataşehir Mass Housing Project in its inhabitants' point of view and demands. To cope with constant shortage of building lots and aggravating urban sprawl in the Istanbul Metropolitan Area, Ataşehir New Town Project aims at devolopmg a large scale residential town equipped with educational, commercial, administrative cultural, recreational and other urban facilities on Küçükbakkalköy. Ataşehir is located 25-30 kilometers away from the center of Istanbul Metropolitan Area and covers the total area of about 400 hectare. The Ataşehir Mass Housing Project being developed through a plan, is one of the most important mass-housing project in Turkey. The projected population in this settlement is around 90,000. The project is now under construction executed within a phased planning. Systematic improvement of open areas, including children's parks, neighbourhood parks and district parks as well as parking lots, sports areas is also carried our together with residential and commercial development. In the first chapter the goal and scope of the study is examined in the light of mass- housing concept and its development in the history. In the second chapter residential areas, circumferences and components of residential areas are described. In the third chapter human-environment interactions are examined and in this content environmental, social, cultural, cognitional and re-actional human behaviours are explained. Together with these subjects human needs, experiences are analized and their effects to the physical environmental design is examined. In the fourth chapter the components of open areas are described. The facilities such as infrastructure, green areas, playgrounds, sports facilities, recreational areas, private gardens, roads, pedestrian ways, bicycle ways, and parking areas are examined in terms of the known standards and regulations. The facility network that should be maintain in a settlement area is also analysed within this chapter. In the fifth chapter the study area is explained. In this scope the location, physical features, topographic geologic structure, population and land use, planing criteria, circulation and transportation, urban structure and facilities, open area network, features of particular study area, building density and hight, land allocation within the building lots, sports complexes, recreational areas, playgrounds, parking areas, usage of street furniture, and the community road in/of Ataşehir Mass-Housing Project are explained, and 1. Stage residential units that are selected as a particular study area, are described in terms of dwelling features and open space usage. In the sixth chapter the method, findings, and conclusions of the research are described. 120 questionnaires are evaluated. As a conclusion of these questionnaires, the environmental perceptions, and evaluations of the inhabitants that varies according to the social-economic level, and open space usage and related behaviours of each inhabitant are observed and analysed. Within this chapter the particular aspects of the inhabitants are tried to be investigated, in terms of socio economic status, age, sex of individuals. In this content, open space usage, demands from the open spaces, complaints of the inhabitants are tried to be classified. In the last chapter, Conclusion and Recommendations, the complaints of the inhabitants related to the open spaces in Ataşehir and solution proposals are presented. XI 1 Mass-housing concept is explained as economic and controllable way of developing residential areas. This concept is basically developed against uncontrolled urban development without allocating necessary areas for commercial, social, cultural, administrative, health, educational, and recreational facilities, and also for infrastructure and to maintain economic housing settlements for new population. In the modern mass-housing projects together with economic concerns aesthetic aspects and human needs are also being taken into consideration. Therefore environmental design plays an important role in mass housing projects. Environmental design is a process that is reflecting the inhabitants' needs and cognition. Ataşehir Mass Housing which is selected as the study area, is located on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, In the northern and western parts of the land there are illegal settlements. At the north-south direction the E-6 Motorway lays connecting the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge to E-5 Motorway. The number of dwellings is projected to be 23,500 with a population of about 100,000, when the project is totally completed. Housing lots in Ataşehir are planned by taking into account of the general structure and facility networks of whole project area. The facility networks are consisting of staged units, from the smaller scale beginning at building lots to the bigger scale at the city center. This system can be observed in every function that takes place in the area. As the scope of this study is to examine open and green areas within the study area the complaints of the inhabitants such as heavy traffic, dust, noise, and mud, and deteriorated roads caused by trucks and trailers carrying material to the current construction sites, lack or insufficiency of totally equipped sports centers, heavy noise generated from the E-6 Motorway running inside of the project area on north-south direction, illegal settlements around the area and the improper view they cause, insufficient car parking areas, insufficient public transportation services to the central locations of Istanbul, lack of cultural facilities such as cinema and theatre, Xlll administrative facilities, insufficient garbage collection system provided by the Kadıköy Municipality, are evaluated within this context. Most of these problems, namely problems caused by construction site vehicles, insufficient public transportation system, and the lack of administrative, educational, and cultural facilities are considered to be temporary and solved automatically when the project is totally completed. It is accepted that other problems can easily be solved by taking necessary actions, and preventions. As per data collated from the 120 questionnaires the profile of an Atasehir inhabitant is defined. It has a university degree, it is in higher income group living in its own house and having 1.5 car, it is young, under 55 years-old, and sensitive to environmental affairs. In this respect, it can be said that the people living in this city demand higher environmental quality that should reflect every urban components as housing, commercial areas, administrative and educational facilities, open areas, green areas, sports facilities, parking areas, transportation, and infrastructure. As per the results of the questionnaires most of the people have positive impressions regarding the open areas, and the green areas that are being maintained near the vicinity of the building lots they live. However, contrary to that effect, the utilisation of these areas are rather low. As per the questionnaires most of the people prefer to spend their spare-time in their homes. In order to increase the open area utilisation by the inhabitants some attractive activities should be maintained on the open areas and on the routes connecting these areas. In the other hand, considering the long interaction process between human and environment, it can be said that as Atasehir development is now at the beginning of this process, open area utilisation will increase together with the development of the whole settlement. Furthermore as the settlement is rather newand still under XIV construction, people know each other for a very short time and thus not yet start to utilize the open areas commonly. It can be assumed that in the near future when people be come familiar to each other and to the environment they will start to utilise the open and public areas more frequently. It will take time to maintain a structure that accelerates this process, gathering people in to environmental problems and providing their participation into the environmental affairs. People may start to participate in the common activities after they become accustomed to the values. If this can be achieved people will promptly start to consider the environment and consequently open areas and green areas as their own property and start to utilise the same efficiently.