Bursa Keles Yöresi Folkloru

Abstract

Osmanlı imparatorluğu'nun ilk başkenti olma özelliği taşıyan Bursa, aynı zamanda zengin Türk kültürüne de beşiklik etmiştir. Biz de, Keleş'in Bursa'ya yakın lığı sebebiyle bu yörede de çeşitli kültür ürünlerinin bulunabileceğini düşündük. Bu çalışmamızda amacımız Bursa-Keles yöresi folklorunu mümkün olduğunca her yönüyle incelemek ve sistemli bir çalışmayla sunmak olmuştur. Birinci bolümde, Keleş yöresinin tarihi ve coğrafi yapısı, ikinci bölümde ise sosyal yapısı anlatılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde Halk Oyunları, dördüncü bölümde ise kıyafetlerine yer verilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde yörede bulunan edebi türler hakkında örnekler verilmiştir. Altıncı bölümde ise yöre yemekleri anlatılmaktadır. Yedinci bölümde ise yöreye ait eserlerin analizleri yapılmıştır. İnceleme ve araştırmalarımız neticesinde ulaştığımız sonuç şu olmuştur. Keleş yöresinin folklorik ürünler yönünden oldukça zengin olduğu fakat araştırmacılar tarafından konuya yeterince önem verilmediği görülmüştür.

Bursa; which is the first capital of ottoman em pire, also is the cradle of rich Turkish culture. And because of the nearnesse of Keles to Bursa, we thought that there may. be found so much cultural product. Our target in this object is examining the folklore of Bursa-Keles and offeing systematical. In the first part, the history and geography of Keles; in the second part social side of Keles has been informed. In the third part the folk games and in the fourth part the clothings; in the fifth part the samples about th literature in the village are given. In the sixth part the meals of the environs are told. In the seventh part the analysis of the melodies of Keles. At last we reach the result that; Keles envinons is very rich about the fol klor ic products but neglect from the searchers. In the section we examined songs written about Keles. Rythm melody and words were studied in style called middle dimension. The identification of each song is given initially. Each song has been put down by different cumpilers at different times. When we examined the stracture we cleared up the rythm of teh syllables, matched the notes the words, and also cleared up the punctuation. We determined the songs rythm and melody. The form of the rythm, the count and the speed, cadence and key and vocal range has been shown in porte. When ve made a shape analysis, periyot, sentance, phrase, repitition and count were shown by letters. Sentences were shown with capital letters (A,8,)» phrases were shown with small letters (a,b,) and repitition with (x,y,z,). Also the number under the note shown the count. Our anlysis went from very broad to very specific. You should realize that the sonfs from Keles are different from ather districts. Sentences and sentence connection give richness to the songs melody. The richness of the melody, besiden musical sentences, has been supplied by rythm and variation in key. In this way the music will not be boring. "Düz Kerem, Tatyan Kerem, Yahyalı Kerem and Yanık Kerem" courts have been used. Our aim was to study the folklore of Keles, and with an academic eye, search out the products of Folk lore. By going to the source, we discovered thas the folklore of that area was very rich and that exams have not been comprehensive. We found these special guali- ties in Keles Folklore; when we examined the society of that area, we found 3 steps involved in marriage. The first step is to obtain the girls parents permission. The second step is engagement. The wedding ceremony and traditional post-ceremony customs are the third step. The wedding ceremony takes three days and three hights, as in other districts. Because of tradition and religions conviction, men and women couldnt socialize together without being married. Women dance wit copper castinets (later wood casti- nets and men dance by bağlama, klarnet, zil, davul, zurna. In the past the marriage was celebrated in cafe or garden in the village, but now celebrated in recep tion halls in the city center. This change has had a negative effect on the folklore of the area. Instead of traditional instrimunts, on archestra, of guitar, organ, drum are used, in the wedding salons. This situation shows that folklore is losing it's richness. The tradi tional dancing played in an area are "Güvende and Sek me". Man's and woman's dancing are different from each other. These are played with two or more people. The clothes show the traditional richness.. The clothes consist of different colored beads showing bird or flower motifs. We found that different types of writing consisting of "ninni, mani, hikâye, bilmece and tekerle me" were important to the richness of the folklore. The traditional meals of Keles are proof of the fame of the Turkish Kitchen. When we analyzed the vocal range of the songs, we found a wide range of notes and a very rich melody. When we performed the song, they showed a vhigue rise and fall of the notes. The notes are used generally from L to L, with second level C and first level E. The songs we examined have a soft style. This is be cause of the dance history. The Quvende's dance style of the area contains themes of friedshep and trust. Therefore the music must be soft. The big intervals have not been used as in western music. These soft intervals sound pleasant to us. In the songs we examined the level was not smooth in terms of motif. The notes rise and descend in dif ferent ways depending or the performance. You can find the reason in the dancing, as motifs are found in the dance. Each country has its own culture. If a society does not have its owh culture, it cannot to be thought to be among the sophisticated counntries of the world and progress and develop itself. Turkey as a nation has mony customs and traditions brought by our forefathers from the Middle East to Anatolia that other nations can be envious of because of their richness and guality. To be able to build a healthy future, we must use our cultural richness and protect our cutoms and traditions. Folklore is the main basis of a culture. To get an idea of a societies culture first we have to examine that societies folklore. Folklore has a variety of different meanings which shows peoples life styles, traditions and customs. If you think of our rich culture yau will understand how difecult it is to examine all the dis trict folklore. Each district has its own distinct speciality. You must know the district very well to ba able to understand its folklore. We decided to concentrate on one district as this would be more profitable than researching the whate of Turkey more generally. We chose Keles village in the district of Bursa. Besides being born in Bursa and knowing that area, gave me the opportungty to know Keles very well. One cannot obtain information alout folklore from written sources. Written sources about Keles connot be sound in the library or the archives. The written sources that can bbe found about teh area are not sys- tematic or tidy. No academic has ever sdudied the folklore of Keles. For these reasons we chose to study this subject. Our target in this thesis is to examine a wide range of things to obtain a full picture about Keles folklore. We will examine Keles dancing music, chotles, meals, stories and puzzles, wedding traditions etc.. When we examine the distinct music, we have to decide which method of analysis to use to study the songs. We will examine the songs, middle dimension in the words, melodies and rhythmn. To obtain this information firstly choose to use the library. Aterwods we visited the sitrict to make, first hang observatuons, reports and examine the area. Keles folklore is difficult to understand because of the sparseness of information which needs to be collated to obtain enlightenment. Science and technology is con stantly porgressing and alot of our cultures and tradi tions are in danger of being forgotten. Our traditions must be explored and old customs bought into the modern world. That is why we need more people to study folk lore; our duty is to keep alive what our forefathers and we inherited and to carry these traditions to the next generation. I would lilce to thank the following people for helping me complete this thessis; My tutor; Miss. Doç Can ETÎLİ Mr. Yard. Doç. Dr. Göktan AY Mr. Doç. Af sin EMÎRALÎO?LU Manager of Bursa Municipality Conservatory Mr. Erding ÇELÎEKKOL Mr. Turan ÖZTÜRK. With my regards Rakibe KARABOLAT îstanbul-1993