Türkiye'de Üretilen Kostik Kalsine Manyezitlerinin İncelenmesi Ve Sorel Çimentosu Parametrelerinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışma manyezit yatakları oluşumunu ve zenginleştirme metodlarım, kostik kalsine magnezit üretimi ve dünya üretimine genel bakışı ve Türkiye'de üretilen magnezyalarm Sorel çimentosu kapsamında parametrelerinin belirlenmesini içermektedir. İlk bölümde genel olarak magnezit yataklarının oluşumu ve çeşitli tekniklerle zenginleştirilerek piyasaya kullanılabilir halde arzedilmesi ele alınmıştır Türkiye'de üretilen yataklarına ve oluşumlarına yer verilmiştir. Manyezitlerin kimyasal analizi ve petrolojik analizleri yapılmıştır. İkinci bölümde kostik kalsine magnezya üretimine ve üretim aşamalarına yer verilmiştir. Kostik kalsine magnesitlerin optimum kalsinasyon şartları tesbit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın temel konusunu oluşturan Sorel çimentosu bölümü ise üçüncü bölüm olarak incelenmiştir. Bu bölümde standartlara göre Sorel çimentosu parametleri belirlenmiştir. Ortaya çıkan çeşitli mukavemet parametreleri problemlerinin iyilieştirme deneyleri yapılmıştır. Bu sorunlar Sorel çimentosu karışımına çeşitli katkı maddeleri ilave edilerek giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde Sorel çimentosunda belirlenen başlıca problemler katkı maddeleri ilave ederek iyileştirmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde Sorel çimentosunda belirlenen başlıca problemler katkı maddeleri kullanarak aşılmıştır. Suya karşı mukavemet arttırılmış, katilaşma süresi denetlenebilir duruma getirilmiş ve bunlarla birlikte genel mukavemet parametrelerinde iyileşme sağlanmıştır.

Magnesite is an industrial raw material which has an important place in industry from the view of production and consumption. Consequently the riches of magnesite reserves in Turkey causeal both magnesite production and development of magnesite technology. In this study examination made in three main group. In the first part, magnesites definition, deposits, raw magnesite production.world magnesite production and Turkey magnesite production. In the second section caustic magnesite production and production basis.In the last part obtaining the Sorel cement according to standarts the usage of additional materials in Sorel cement and Sorel cement production of Turkey magnesia. The magnesium compounds generally obtained by two ways in the world.It's obtained from sea water and from natural formation of magnesite minerals.To obtain from sea water is rather expensive method.but to obtain from magnesite compositioned minerals is cheaper. Magnesite mineral (MgC03) contains theoricaly 47.8% MgO and 52.3 C02. Magnesite which it's crystal system is hegsagonal ; hardness 4-4,5, density 3,1, index of refraction 1,515-1,71 is usually uncolors, grey,white and yellow. Vlll According to foundation types the magnesite deposites will be classified in three main group.The compact and criptocrystalen magnesite deposites in serpantined ultrabasic rocks.crystalen magnesite deposites in metasomatic lime stone and dolomites and sedimantel magnesite deposites in sedimantel formation at last. Magnesite deposites which are rather qualified and in the shape of cryptocrystal and compact in the ultrabasic rocks. The magnesite minerals generally produced by open pits mining methods and seperated from the gang minerals by applying different concentration process. These are the principal methods to concentrate the magnesite are; - Concentration by hand and automatic optical machines. - Concentration by making it's dimension smaller. - Concentration by heavy it's dimension seperation. - Concentration by electrostatic it's dimension seperation. - Concentration by magnetic dimension seperation. - Concentration by hidrotation it's dimension seperation - Concentration by calcination it's dimension seperation - Concentration by flotation it's dimension seperation The magnesite deposit in Turkey generally improved by depending on ultrabasic rocks. This deposits generally can be found in " Bursa- Kütahya- Eskişehir-Konya and Denizli" province has a great importance according to production and magnesite technology.Several dead burned and caustic calcine magnesite manufactures were set up inside these province borders. The raw magnesite for Sorel cement which is the investigation subject were taken from magnesite mines in the Kütahya-Eskişehir,province borders.The deposites in these regions which is in streak and block shape are generally in 60-7 Om length. According to their foundation form they were in "stockwork, blumenkol, round and filon"shapes. In the second part magnesite techology mentioned Magnesite mineral often processed in three different form. These are; 1) Caustic calcine magnesite 2) Dead burned magnesite 3) Fused magnesite IX Dead burned magnesite obtained by calcinating the magnesite mineral between 1400 °C-1500 °C Dead burned magnesile is the main refractor materials productions. Fused magnesite, obtained by dissolving the calcine magnesia dissolved in an furnace were taken out poured in a mold and then packaged right after it was milled. The caustic calcine magnesia can be obtained by calcinating the magnesite mineral between 900 and 1100 °C temparatures. At the same it's the main Sorel cement. Because of this caustic calcine production investigated in detail. The caustic calcine magnesite generally calcinated in revaving furnace or in shaft furnace Before the furnace feeded by applying several concentration procedures the gang mineral are separated. The calcination procedures in furnace are calcinated in four section - The preheating process.Temperature is 0-400 °C - Decarbonisation starting process. Temparature is 400-700 °C - The complete calcination foundation. Temparature is 700-1000 °C - Taken out the calcine magnesia from furnace. Temparature is 1000-0°C x The calcination process usually calcine betureen two or three hour period.The calcinated magnesia packaged after classified according to willing grain size and chemical spesification. However in these section the study about calcination conditions made by several investigeters were carefully examined and this studies were interpreted. The studies made by Mathur and Misra (1989). According to calcination temparatures the activitation of magnesite ve carefully examined and calcination temparature with period were determinated. The results about these were given on the table Al. x Table 1. Thermal Behaviour of India Magnesite With Respect to Temperature and Time According to this studies optimum calcination temperatures occures in 700 C betwen 2-3 hours period. The same study made in magnesites of Turkey and the optimum calcination temperatures were determineted. The results of examinations were given in the Table A2. According to these the optimum temperature determineted as 900 C in 2-3 hours. When these studies were compared, the foundation of magnesite minerals namely, according to deposit foundation. It's determineted that the calcination conditions were changed. The calcination temperature and calcination period changes according to magnesite ore foundation. XI Table: 2 Termal Behaviour of Turkey Magnesite With Respect to Temperature and Time Producing Sorel cement becames the first in principal usage area's of caustic calcine magnesite. It was also used producing artifical silk, animal feeds, fertilisers, flooring compounds, lightweight insulation panels, environmental, water effluent treatment, pulp and paper, abrasive wheel binder, cosmetic thickener, metallurgical flux, magnesium chemicals, dead burned magnesia and fused magnesia production, Mg metal production, fuel and lubricant oil additives, pharmaceuticals, rubber fillers, flame retardants, electrical steel coatings. In the last section the Sorel cement and the prepared Sorel cement from Turkey magnesite were investigated. The Sorel cement prepared by mixing MgO and MgCİ2 solution in several ratio; 3MgO+MgCİ2+llH20 -> 3MgO MgCİ2 IİH2O According to DIN 273 standarts, the MgO and MgCİ2 chrystals specialities used for preparing Sorel cement were shows in Table A3. Until the MgCl2 chrystal comes to 22 Be density it mixed and be soluted with distile water. Table:3 MgO and MgCİ2 6H2O Chemical Spesifications for Sorel Cement Xll The powder of wood taken from pine tree without resin added in this mixture. Magnesia, MgCl2 solution and powder of wood mixture ratio; according to standarts were below 3 part magnesia 1.8 part MgCİ2 solution 1 part powder of woods The experiments started in standarts were done to determine the Sorel cement parameters of Turkey magnesia. These experiments are; - Chemical analysis - Grain six analysis - Setting time analysis - Compressive strength analysis - Transverse strength analysis Chemical analysis were done in Comag Company's Laboratuaries and magnesia used in two kind of chemical compounds. The setting time analysis made by vicat apparatus and STM apparatus depending on termic analysis. The resistance experiment were made in Osmangazi University construction departments Lab. The experiment results according to standarts were given in the Table A4. These Sorel Cement samples were not enough resistant to water. However.It's determineted that according to chemical analysis the setting time period and it's resistance values were changed. To increase the Sorel cement resistance against water and to obtain values over standarts resistance, several both material were added to Sorel cement mixture. Borax and phosfate compounds chemicals materials were added to Sorel cement mixture in 2% ratio. xm Table:4 Compressive and trasverse strength treated Standart Sorel Cement The results of experiments obtained from prepared samples were given on Table A5, At first when the perapered samples were cured in the water according to standarts cracks and decrease in resistance values were observed. Strength increased, craks didn't occured and over standart sterngth values were obtained in perapared Sorel cement samples with additional material against water. Table: 5 Compressive and Transverse Strength Treated Addional Sorel Cement XIV In addition the setting time were changed according to additional material ratio. Thus the paleces where additional materials needed to control and for the places where light strengths were required against water by using broxe ana phosfate compounds addition required conditions can be obtained. Sorel cement main application are a flooring cement with an inert filler and a coloring pigment or as a base for such interior flooring as tile and terrazo. However it's used several pyrometallurgy establishment, on the wall as floor coating of the ship, abrasive industry, fireproof wall, unrequirment spark place.