Mal Sahibi Adına İnşaat Projeleri Yönetiminde Kontrollük Görevleri Ve İlgili Raporlama Sistemi

Abstract

Bina üretim süreçleri her zaman istenilen biçimde gerçekleşmeyebilirler. Binalar hedeflenen kalite, süre ve maliyette ortaya çıkmayabilir. Bu nedenle mal sahibiyle yüklenici arasında süre, kalite ve ödemelerle ilgili problemler çıkabilir. Bu gibi durumlarda problemler iyi bir kontrollük mekanizması ile çözümlenebilir. Çalışmanın ana kabulü bu görüşe dayanmaktadır. Gözlemler, ülkemizdeki kontrollük mekanizmalarının yeterli kontrol araçlarına, bilgi ve yöntemlere sahip olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle de kontrollük işlemi gerektiği gibi yapılamamaktadır. Yukarıdaki problemlere dayanarak bu çalışmanın amacı, inşaat sektöründeki kontrollük faaliyetlerinin neler olduğunu, bu kapsamda hangi işlerin yapılması gerektiğini, bu işlerin neler olduğunu ve bunların gerçekleştirilmesinde ne tür araçlar kullanılabileceğini göstermektir. Kontrollük faaliyetlerini tanımlayan ve açıklayan bu çalışmayı ortaya koymak amacı ile çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, inşaat projeleri organizasyonunun temel katılımcıları ve bunların görev ve sorumluluklarından kısaca bahsedilmiştir, proje yönetimi kavramı tüm boyutları ile ele alınarak ve proje yönetimindeki temel kavramlar proje yönetiminin temel görevleri tanımlanmıştır, inşaat projeleri yönetiminde kontrollük görevleri ile ilgili literatür çalışmalarının bulguları aktarılmıştır. Yapım öncesi, yapım ve yapım sonrası evrelerindeki kontrollük görevleri tablo ve şekillerle desteklenerek açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, proje yönetimindeki kontrollük görevlerinin belirlenmesi için yapılan alan çalışmaları ele alınmıştır. Alan çalışmasında izlenen yöntemler, görüşme yapılan şantiyelerin proje ve kontrollük örgütlerinin genel özellikleri anlatılarak, bu çalışmanın verilerinin analizi yapılmıştır. Kontrollük örgütleri tarafından, inşaatın yapım öncesi, yapım ve yapım sonrası evrelerinde gerçekleştirilen görevler listelenmiş ve bu görevlerle ilgili akış diyagramları oluşturulmuştur. Dördüncü bölümde ise, literatür araştırması ile alan çalışmasından elde edilen bulgular birleştirilmiş, inşaatın tüm evrelerinde kontrollük örgütü tarafından yapılması gerekli görevler, konuları ve birbirleri ile ilişkileri açısından gruplandırılarak listelenmiştir.

Control Functions And Report System On The Construction Project Management On Behalf Of The Owner. Since problems regarding time, puality and payment may occur between contractor and owner, the construction period may not proceed as per contractor's and owner's desire and the cost of the project may not meet the targets, beside this cost can be overlimited. Above mentioned problems can be solved through well organized control mechanism. The research about implementation of the control mechanism in Turkey s h o w that the tools, knovvledge and methods a re not good enough in terms of control mechanism. Moreover, less krrowledge about implementation of the control mechanism makes people unable to implement the process properly. The aim of this project is to be a guide f ör the contractors and owners indicating control functions, its coverage and its tools. To achieve this goal, theoritical researchs have been examined first. in addition, various types of construction sites have been visited. Afterwardş the current implementation in our country has been found out. Eventually, the control mechanism has been defined in a way as it should be. Construction projects cover ali the paople, teams and organizations directly ör indirectly involved in the procedure of the construction. The construction projects require the skill and the services of a project team comprised of four principal participants: - the owner - the designer (architect/engineer) - the contractor - the project manager Each of these will normally involve other participants as a part of the team effort. in practice, the owner usually enters into a contract with an architect/engineer to plan and design a project to satisfy the ovvner's specific needs.The project manager, as the ovvner's representative participates during the design process to set criteria f ör design,cost and time limits for completion and to xiii provide decision-making inputs to the architect / engineer. Upon completion of the planntng and design process, the project is ready for contructlon ör selection process to obtain öne ör more qualified construction contractors. Af ter selection of öne ör more qualified construction contractors, the owner enters into a contract directly with each prime contractor, who will then be fully responsible directly to the owner ör the owner's designated represantative (project manager) for building the project in accordance with the plans specifications and local laws. The contractor has the further responsibility for the integrity of the new structure that has been built which in effect, the contractor must guarantee the work. Thus on the typical project the re a re usually three prime contracts with the owner; öne with the architect/engineer for the design and planning of the project; the other with a single construction contractor ör occasionally several prime construction contractors to build the project; the last with a construction manager who plans, proceeds and controls the functions of the other participants in the project team. The structure of the project organization differs upon the differences of the job, authority, responsibilities and relations among the participants. The common feature in ali structures is the existence of the four principal participants.in this project, we mainly tried to introduce the job description of the principal participants and its specifications to the users who wıll take this project as a guıde for their further references. There a re significant changes in the construction sector över the last two decades. As a result of these changes, reducing cost and completion period of the project for the new administration systems.maintaing the quality and encouraging the technological improvement have been innovated. The new organizational structures a re appeared to change the traditional contract standarts, the style of the tenders, the job and responsibilities of the involved participants. The newly occured administrative amendments change the job description authority and responsibilities within the traditional construction procedure. There are three different kinds of organizational structures. Ali three have göt advantages and disadvantages. in this project, the role of the project management m the organizational structure has been stressed. The organizational structures are; xiv - Traditional architect / engineer system - Design / construction management system - Professional construction management system Proje et management is a concept the importance of which is grovving day by day. in construction project management, a control authority is necessary and this control authority is the project management. During the administration of construction projects, there are two different activities of project managements: - Project management is a specific and functional unit in the constructing firm. in this case, the project manager is a person ör a subdepartment in the contracting firm. - Project management is an independent organization and is employed by the owner versus determined wage. Project management activities, in these cases, a re functions of the organization structures, vvhich can be existed at the same time. The concepts of the project and management can be defined as follows: - Project is a complex and risky activity, vvhich its starting and finishing dates a re defined and has cost and duration limitations. - Management is a coordination of human resource factors oriented to certain goals. Bringing both definitions together, project management in construction sector is a system obtaining the planning, the realization, the control and the management of goals relating the buildings. After schieving the goals, i.e. completing the building, the system breaks up. The project manager has three main functions to perform while managing a project. These functions are: - Planning - Administration - Control Planning is the process of defining who is going to do what, when, where and how. Administration is a function which begins after the plans are prepared the organizational structure is determined and the XV physical and social elements a re brought ali together. The subject of administration is to lead the staff in the firm to work most effectively and productively. Control is the bundle of the operations of comparing the planned and actual costs, identifying and anaiyzing the differences and taking improving steps. Control seeks answers to the questions of: - What has been done? - How it could be done? - How it can be improved? The responsibilities of the inspection team on behalf of the owner is not only to control the general concept, but also to control the quality of the employers to choose the necessary material and trials of the material, to check the contracts in accordance with the reguirements of the plans and specifications. it is found out that there are three phases in the construction projects according to the theoratical research. - Preconstruction phase - Construction phase - Project closeout in this thesis the control functions and its coverage in preconstruction phase, construction phase and proje et closeout have been explained. Beside this, the samples of the reports, sheets and records maintaining the coordination between owner, contractor and inspection team have been introduced. it is also explained what the reasons are f ör preparing those documents, who is preparing and authorizing those documents and where they are supposed to be sent. As we have mentioned before, the practical research has been done as vvell. With practical research, to define the functions of the inspection team and to explain the evidence of it has been aimed. The practical research covers thirteen construction sites done through interviews. Firstly, the procedure of the appointing for the interviews has been mentioned. The criteria of choosing the counstruction site has been explained. The systems of the tools used during ıntervıevvs, how to build up those tools and the reasons for building up the tools have been explained. Secondly, the general features of the construction sites, its inspection team and organizational structure have been explained comparing them with each other. xvi Thirdly, the job description of the inspection team in each construction sites has been listed through analyzing the evidence of the preconstruction phase, construction phase and project closeout. Flowcharts related the listed inspection team responsibilities have been enbodied and document records under the coverage of those responsibilities have been introduced. After practical research, both the results of the theoroitical research and practical research have been combined and inspection team's functions, relations with each other and their subjects have been classified as preconstruction phase, construction phase and project closeout. All listed inspection team responsibilities have different functions in each classified group. Explaining the listed classified group, the theoritical research's results and the practical research's results of each inspection function have been referred. The practical research's references have been derived from the records, documents, flowcharts. On the other hand the theoritical research's reference have been derived from the job description, tables and figures. In that way, the description of the inspection team's job has been supported with tables, figures, diagrams, flowcharts and related texts. The synthesis made of theoritical research and practical research indicates that, there are thirtysix inspection team's responsibilities under nine principal groups in the preconstruction phase, fiftyfive inspection team's researches under twelve principal groups in the construction phase and twenty inspection team's researches under six principal groups in the project closeout. Some of the inspection team's responsibilities differ according to the type of the contract. Those differences have also been explained in this project. As the final stage of this project, all the responsibilities and services required from the inspection team in all the phases of the construction have been defined in accordance with both theorotical reseach's and practical research's results. Moreover, the necessary documents and records have been shown to make the users take this project as a guide to be able to implement all the steps easily in their businesses. However, the information given in this project could be in effecient in some ways due to limited time and inconveniences during interviews and difficulties in collecting the documents and records from the counstruction sites and the reluctance of the member of the inspection team. XVII We would like you to take this project as a guide in the control mechanism regarding construction sector and we believe that this project should be improved, examining the current forms and if it is necessary, replacing the forms and preparing the new ones.