Publication: Jeneratör Yakıtı Olarak Kullanılmış Yemeklik Yağ Kökenli Biyomotorin
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
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Bu çalışmada, biyomotorin üretimi için kullanılmış yemeklik yağ seçilmiştir. Standart metodlar ile kullanılmış yağ özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Biyomotorin üretimi laboratuvar ve pilot olmak üzere iki ölçekte gerçekleştirilmiştir. Laboratuvar çalışmalarında 55 ± 2 0C’de, yağ ağırlığının % 1 ve % 2’sine karşılık gelen katalizör (NaOH) miktarlarında farklı yağ/alkol mol oranlarının transesterifikasyon reaksiyonunun verimi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Laboratuvar çalışmasının ikinci bölümünde ise, biyomotorin rafinasyon aşamasının incelenmesi için, “Sıcak Su ile Yıkama Yöntemi” uygulanmış ve yıkama aşaması sayısının, biyomotorinin gliserin içeriği üzerindeki etkisi ortaya konmuştur. Pilot ölçekte üretim 100 litrelik, torisferik başlıklı, konik tabanlı, basınç altında çalışabilen pilot reaktörde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen biyomotorin ve B20’nin (% 20 Biyomotorin + % 80 Motorin) standart test metotlarına göre yakıt özellikleri belirlenmiş ve “EN 14214” Biyomotorin Standardı limit değerleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. Biyomotorin ve B20’nin soğukta akış özelliklerine katkı maddesi kullanımının etkisi ve yağlayıcılık özelliği ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca Denver-ABD’de biyomotorin üretim tesisi için maliyet analizi sonuçları sunulmuştur. Biyomotorin ve B20 için yakıt performans testleri 3 LD 510 model Diesel motorunda, jeneratör testleri ise, A 100 LB model jeneratörde gerçekleştirilmiş ve kullanılmış yemeklik yağı kökenli biyomotorin çevre dostu alternatif jeneratör yakıtı adayı olarak sunulmuştur.
In this study, used cooking oil was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Properties of used cooking oil were determined with standard methods. Lab, and pilot-scale biodiesel productions were performed. In the laboratory studies, effects of catalyst (NaOH) amounts of 1 % and 2 % of weight of oil for different oil/alcohol molar ratios at 55 ± 2 0C on transesterification reaction yield were investigated. In the second part of the laboratory studies, “Washing with Hot Water Method” was investigated for biodiesel refinement step and the effect of number of washing steps on biodiesel glycerin content was investigated. Pilot-scale production was performed in 100 L, torispheric-headed, cone-bottomed, pressurized pilot reactor. Fuel properties of produced biodiesel and B20 (% 20 Biodiesel + % 80 No:2 Diesel fuel) were determined according to standard test methods and obtained results were compared with “EN 14214” Biodiesel requirements. The effect of additive usage on low-temperature properties of B100 and B20 and lubricity properties of these fuels were studied in detail. Cost assessment study on biodiesel production facility located in Denver-USA is also presented in the study. Fuel performance tests of B100 and B20 were performed on 3 LD 510 type Diesel generator engine, generator tests of these fuels were performed on A 100 LB type generator. Used cooking oil originated biodiesel is presented as an environmentally friendly alternative generator fuel candidate.
In this study, used cooking oil was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Properties of used cooking oil were determined with standard methods. Lab, and pilot-scale biodiesel productions were performed. In the laboratory studies, effects of catalyst (NaOH) amounts of 1 % and 2 % of weight of oil for different oil/alcohol molar ratios at 55 ± 2 0C on transesterification reaction yield were investigated. In the second part of the laboratory studies, “Washing with Hot Water Method” was investigated for biodiesel refinement step and the effect of number of washing steps on biodiesel glycerin content was investigated. Pilot-scale production was performed in 100 L, torispheric-headed, cone-bottomed, pressurized pilot reactor. Fuel properties of produced biodiesel and B20 (% 20 Biodiesel + % 80 No:2 Diesel fuel) were determined according to standard test methods and obtained results were compared with “EN 14214” Biodiesel requirements. The effect of additive usage on low-temperature properties of B100 and B20 and lubricity properties of these fuels were studied in detail. Cost assessment study on biodiesel production facility located in Denver-USA is also presented in the study. Fuel performance tests of B100 and B20 were performed on 3 LD 510 type Diesel generator engine, generator tests of these fuels were performed on A 100 LB type generator. Used cooking oil originated biodiesel is presented as an environmentally friendly alternative generator fuel candidate.
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Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2004
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2004
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2004
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İTÜ theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.
İTÜ theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.
Keywords
Biyomotorin, Jeneratör, Kullanılmış yemeklik yağ, Transesterifikasyon reaksiyonu, Biodiesel, Generator, Used cooking oil, Transesterification reaction
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