Reliable data transmission in quantum systems with known error rates

Abstract

Quantum communication offers revolutionary potential but remains limited by errors caused by decoherence, photon loss, and imperfect operations. This thesis first reviews the theoretical foundations of quantum computation and major approaches to quantum error correction, including Shor, Steane, and surface codes, to establish the background of current reliability methods. The main contribution presents a practical and lightweight procedure for reliable data transmission in quantum systems with a known error rate. The method treats repeated transmissions as Bernoulli trials and determines message reliability using the Clopper–Pearson binomial confidence interval. Transmission stops once the confidence level exceeds the acceptable error threshold, ensuring statistically verified correctness without violating quantum constraints such as the no-cloning theorem. This approach is simple to implement, adaptable to different confidence levels, and particularly useful for photon-based quantum links. By turning statistical information about error rates into a concrete stopping rule, it complements existing error-correction methods and provides an additional reliability layer for future quantum communication systems.