Publication: Programlanabilir kontrolörler için kontrol ve gözetleme sistemi
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
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Son yıllarda programlanabilir kontrolörlerin (PC) endüstride hatta günlük hayatımızda kullanımı iyice yaygınlaşmış ve vazgeçilemez bir hal almıştır. Bu yaygın kullanım bir çok avantajlarının yanında beraberinde bir dizi de sorunlar getirmiştir. PC nin, donanım ve yazılım olarak geliştirilmesi sonucu daha karmaşık görevler üstlenebilecek yapılara sahip olmuşlardır. PC nin yaptığı detaylı işlerin neredeyse kullanıcı açısından saydam olması sebebiyle, PC i denetleme ve izleme sorunu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kullanıcılar için PC nin bir bilgisayar yardımı ile denetlenmesi ve gözetlenmesidir. Deneme amaçlı kullanılmak üzere donanım olarak modüler bir PC tasarlanmıştır. Kişisel bilgisayar üzerinde ise bu PC nin denetlenmesi ve gözetlenmesi için Süreç Denetleme ve Gözetleme sistemi (PSS) geliştirilmiştir. PC nin PSS' ye bağlanabilmesi için ise IBM AT bilgisayarlara uyumlu bir arabirim kartı tasarlanmıştır. PSS Windows işletim sistemi üzerinde çalışmaktadır. PCnin çalışma ortamı bu sistemde grafik olarak tanıtılmakta ve canlandırılabilmektedir. Kullanıcıların PC ile ilişkilerinde ise menülü bir kontrol ortamı hazırlanmıştır. Bu sayede, kullanıcı için PC nin yaptığı işler ve ölçümler PSS sistemi üzerinden kolayca izlenmekte ve denetlenmektedir. Hazırlanan sistem, Ofis İklimlendirme ve Asansör Kontrol Sistemi Simülatörü uygulamalarında kullanılmıştır.
The application of the programmable controllers (PC) in industry has been increased drastically in recent years. PC has been developed as hardware and software since 1970. As a result of this it has been capable of processing very complex jobs. During the development of the PC, operator interfaces, PID control, remote I/O and communication systems have been added. The usage of the PC has a lot of advantages but also has some problems for the production. One of the most important problem is to control and monitor the PC because a big percentage of the PC work transparently to users or operators. Users can not supervise the PC easily. The main purpose of this study is to provide a controlling and monitoring system for the PC in a factory, laboratory or even home. By means of this system all process steps can be easily monitored and the required changes can be easily adapted in a short time. A modular PC was designed as hardware. It has the following features: - 8 bits microcontroller - 1 12 discrete digital input- outputs - 8 channels, 8 or 10 bits programmable A/D convenor - 5 interrupt input lines Each I/O line is protected by optical isolation circuits. Low-pass filters are used for each input and output signals. Digital outputs are amplified to drive AC 220 V, 5 or 10 A via power relay card. The designed system is called PSS (Process Supervision System), A PSS has been designed to control and monitor a PC via personal computer. The most important features of PSS are as follows: - Graphical Work Space - Animation of the predefined processes - Quick control for the users by menus - User defined warnings and alerts - Work as a simulator In order to connect PC and PSS, a parallel interface that is compatible with IBM AT personal computer was designed. This interface is able to transfer high level data rate. PSS works under Microsoft Windows 3.1 or higher operating systems. The working area of the PC can be symbolized and animated graphically in this system. A menu system has been prepared for the man-machine communication. Thus PSS obtain a powerful and usable media so that all process steps and measurements can be monitor by the users. PSS was designed by using Microsoft Visual C++ 1.0. and Application Studio 1.0. compilers as a Windows application so that the users have all Windows features. A non-standard Windows device driver was also designed for connection of PSS and PC. This device driver handles user defined asynchronous HW interrupts for the PSS. XI To provide reliable communication between PSS and PC, two protocols were prepared. The first one is called "PSS - PC", if the communication is triggered by PSS. The second one is called "PC - PSS", if the communication is triggered by the PC.. PSS-PC protocol has two layers, physical and data link layers. A personal computer interface (PCI) has been used as a physical layer for one byte parallel data transferring and PSS - PC protocol has been used as a data link layer. PSS - PC protocol has some primitives; CR: Connect Request, communication is started by this primitive. CC: Connect Confirm, if the bus is free, this confirmation is sent by the other side. DR. Disconnect Request, communication is informed to be terminated by this primitive. DC: Disconnect Confirm, the terminating accepted. DTC: Data Category, the controlling data for the programmable controller AK: Acknowledge, the controlling data confirmation. PSS-PC Communication scenario as follows: PC - PSS protocol is similar to PSS - PC protocol. PCI has also been used as a physical layer but, it has 256 bytes FIFO register for high level xn transferring data rate and PC - PSS protocol has also been used as a data link layer. All PSS - PC protocol primitives are same except DT. This primitive indicates the data stream that is transferred from PC. PC-PS S Communication scenario as follows: If any acknowledge of messages is not received in 0.5 seconds last message is sent by the PSS-PC and PC-PSS. This recovery process is repeated up to three times sequentially by the protocol. Otherwise the connection is decided to be lost by the PSS-PC and PC-PSS protocols. PSS which is applied to the Office air condition controlling system and the Elevator controlling simulator, is given as examples at the last section of this thesis.
The application of the programmable controllers (PC) in industry has been increased drastically in recent years. PC has been developed as hardware and software since 1970. As a result of this it has been capable of processing very complex jobs. During the development of the PC, operator interfaces, PID control, remote I/O and communication systems have been added. The usage of the PC has a lot of advantages but also has some problems for the production. One of the most important problem is to control and monitor the PC because a big percentage of the PC work transparently to users or operators. Users can not supervise the PC easily. The main purpose of this study is to provide a controlling and monitoring system for the PC in a factory, laboratory or even home. By means of this system all process steps can be easily monitored and the required changes can be easily adapted in a short time. A modular PC was designed as hardware. It has the following features: - 8 bits microcontroller - 1 12 discrete digital input- outputs - 8 channels, 8 or 10 bits programmable A/D convenor - 5 interrupt input lines Each I/O line is protected by optical isolation circuits. Low-pass filters are used for each input and output signals. Digital outputs are amplified to drive AC 220 V, 5 or 10 A via power relay card. The designed system is called PSS (Process Supervision System), A PSS has been designed to control and monitor a PC via personal computer. The most important features of PSS are as follows: - Graphical Work Space - Animation of the predefined processes - Quick control for the users by menus - User defined warnings and alerts - Work as a simulator In order to connect PC and PSS, a parallel interface that is compatible with IBM AT personal computer was designed. This interface is able to transfer high level data rate. PSS works under Microsoft Windows 3.1 or higher operating systems. The working area of the PC can be symbolized and animated graphically in this system. A menu system has been prepared for the man-machine communication. Thus PSS obtain a powerful and usable media so that all process steps and measurements can be monitor by the users. PSS was designed by using Microsoft Visual C++ 1.0. and Application Studio 1.0. compilers as a Windows application so that the users have all Windows features. A non-standard Windows device driver was also designed for connection of PSS and PC. This device driver handles user defined asynchronous HW interrupts for the PSS. XI To provide reliable communication between PSS and PC, two protocols were prepared. The first one is called "PSS - PC", if the communication is triggered by PSS. The second one is called "PC - PSS", if the communication is triggered by the PC.. PSS-PC protocol has two layers, physical and data link layers. A personal computer interface (PCI) has been used as a physical layer for one byte parallel data transferring and PSS - PC protocol has been used as a data link layer. PSS - PC protocol has some primitives; CR: Connect Request, communication is started by this primitive. CC: Connect Confirm, if the bus is free, this confirmation is sent by the other side. DR. Disconnect Request, communication is informed to be terminated by this primitive. DC: Disconnect Confirm, the terminating accepted. DTC: Data Category, the controlling data for the programmable controller AK: Acknowledge, the controlling data confirmation. PSS-PC Communication scenario as follows: PC - PSS protocol is similar to PSS - PC protocol. PCI has also been used as a physical layer but, it has 256 bytes FIFO register for high level xn transferring data rate and PC - PSS protocol has also been used as a data link layer. All PSS - PC protocol primitives are same except DT. This primitive indicates the data stream that is transferred from PC. PC-PS S Communication scenario as follows: If any acknowledge of messages is not received in 0.5 seconds last message is sent by the PSS-PC and PC-PSS. This recovery process is repeated up to three times sequentially by the protocol. Otherwise the connection is decided to be lost by the PSS-PC and PC-PSS protocols. PSS which is applied to the Office air condition controlling system and the Elevator controlling simulator, is given as examples at the last section of this thesis.
Description
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1996
Subject
Denetim sistemleri, PLC, Control systems, Programmable logic controller