Publication: Makroergonomik Açıdan İşletme Performansının Değerlendirilmesi
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Instıtute of Science and Technology
Instıtute of Science and Technology
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Abstract
Günümüzde, organizasyonlar giderek büyümekte ve giderek daha karmaşık bir hal almaktadırlar. Diğer taraftan, organizasyonun çevresinin karmaşıklığı ve belirsizliği de giderek artmaktadır. Artan bir diğer etmen de rekabetin derecesidir. Organizasyonlar, rekabete göğüs gererek varlıklarını sürdürebilmek için ellerindeki kaynakları çok iyi değerlendirmek ve bileşenleri arasındaki etkileşimi en yüksek seviyeye çıkartarak performanslarını eniyilemek durumundadırlar. Sistem yaklaşımıyla incelenmeleri gereken organizasyonlarda bileşenler arası uyum gözetilmeden yapılacak iyileştirme çalışmalarının toplam organizasyon performansını mutlaka arttırması beklenmemelidir. Organizasyonlar, sosyoteknik birer sistem olarak kabul edilmelidirler ve çalışanları, teknolojileri, çevreleri ve yapıları alt sistemleridir. Makroergonominin amacı, yukarıda sayılan sosyoteknik sistem ana bileşenleri arasındaki uyumu eniyilemektir. Mikroergonomik çalışmalar ise insan-makina sistemleri, iş istasyonları ve çalışma ortamları gibi organizasyonun mikro düzeyindeki bileşenlerini ele aldığından, bu çalışmaların başarılarının ve organizasyon performansına yüksek seviyedeki katkılarının sağlanması makroergonomik bakış açısıyla yönlendirilmelerine bağlıdır. Bunun yanında, makroergonomik çalışmanın başarısı da ancak belirli bir mikroergonomik temele oturmasına bağlıdır. Bu bağlamda, organizasyonun yaşamında, makroergonomi ve mikroergonomi performansı arttıran sürekli bir döngüdür. İşletmeler de çeşitli girdileri, bünyelerindeki çalışanları, teknolojileri ve bilgi birikimlerini kullanarak çeşitli çıktılara dönüştüren organizasyonlardır. Yapılan çalışmanın sonucunda işletme performansını arttırmada makroergonominin büyük önem taşıdığı ortaya çıkmaktadır.
In today’s circumstances, organizations are growing up and becoming more and more complex. On the other hand, the complexity and unpredictability of the environment increase. Another factor which is increasing as well, is the level of competition. In order to face the competition and to survive, organization must use its own sources efficiently and optimize its performance by increasing the harmony between the components. It must be well noted that the organization must be analyzed by using system approach; attempts to improve which are not providing harmony between the components do not ensure an increase on total organizational performance. Organizations must be accepted as socio-technical systems. Sub-systems belonging to socio-technical systems are; employee sub-system, technology sub-system, environment sub-system and the structure which forms its squeleton. As the most recently developped branch of ergonomics, macroergonomics aims to settle the harmony between above mentioned socio-technical system main components while assigning a bigger importance to man. Microergonomic studies focuse on organization’s micro components like man-machine systems, work stations and working places. Therefore the successes of these studies are depending on their orientation by a macroergonomic point of view. By the side, the success of the macroergonomic study depends on its fact of being based on microergonomics. In these circumstances, macroergonomics together with microergonomics become a life circle increasing the performance. Factories can regarded as organizations which transforms inputs onto outputs by their human resources, technology and know-how. As a result of this study, it is made conspicuous that macroergonomics has a big effect on factory performance.
In today’s circumstances, organizations are growing up and becoming more and more complex. On the other hand, the complexity and unpredictability of the environment increase. Another factor which is increasing as well, is the level of competition. In order to face the competition and to survive, organization must use its own sources efficiently and optimize its performance by increasing the harmony between the components. It must be well noted that the organization must be analyzed by using system approach; attempts to improve which are not providing harmony between the components do not ensure an increase on total organizational performance. Organizations must be accepted as socio-technical systems. Sub-systems belonging to socio-technical systems are; employee sub-system, technology sub-system, environment sub-system and the structure which forms its squeleton. As the most recently developped branch of ergonomics, macroergonomics aims to settle the harmony between above mentioned socio-technical system main components while assigning a bigger importance to man. Microergonomic studies focuse on organization’s micro components like man-machine systems, work stations and working places. Therefore the successes of these studies are depending on their orientation by a macroergonomic point of view. By the side, the success of the macroergonomic study depends on its fact of being based on microergonomics. In these circumstances, macroergonomics together with microergonomics become a life circle increasing the performance. Factories can regarded as organizations which transforms inputs onto outputs by their human resources, technology and know-how. As a result of this study, it is made conspicuous that macroergonomics has a big effect on factory performance.
Description
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2002
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2002
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2002
Subject
Makroergonomi, İşletme performansı, Organizasyon, Macroergonomics, Factory performance, Organization