All‐pole biquadratic filter realization with the minimum ripple due to parameter variations

Abstract

AbstractIn this work, the minimization of the ripple in the relative change of the transfer function amplitude due to parameter variations is studied for the signal‐flow graph of the state equations realizing all‐pole second‐order transfer function. First the measure for the ripple is defined and then branch transmittances minimizing the measure are found. the results obtained in this study can be used in all‐pole active filter realizations with the minimum ripple measure.