Publication: Reaktif Kolonu İçeren Kompleks Prosesin Fabrika Ölçekli Kontrolü
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
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Giderek artan ekonomik ve çevresel kaygılar, endüstriyi, reaksiyon ve ayırma işlemlerini tek bir ünitede birleştiren reaktif distilasyon kolonları üzerinde yoğunlaşmaya teşvik etmiştir. Literatürdeki makalelerin büyük çoğunluğu, tek başına çalışan reaktif distilasyon kolonunun yatışkın hal tasarımını ve dinamik davranışını ele almıştır. Ancak, reaktif distilasyon kolonu içeren kompleks prosesin fabrika ölçekli kontrolünde önemli bir bilgi eksiği bulunmaktadır. Bu alandaki eksikliği gidermek için, gerçek endüstriyel bir sürecin basitleştirilmiş hali, reaktif kolon içeren kompleks prosesin dinamik kontrol edilebilirliğini araştırma amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Bu kompleks süreç, iki reaksiyon basamağı, üç geleneksel distilasyon kolonu, iki geri dönüş akımı ve altı kimyasal bileşen içermektedir. Bu çok üniteli kompleks proseste, kimyasal yapının ve bileşenlerin uçuculukların uygun olması, ikinci reaksiyon basamağı ve üçüncü geleneksel distilasyon kolonunu, reaktif distilasyon kolonu olarak birleştirmeyi mümkün kılmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma, sistemin, yatışkın hal değerlerinin hesaplanması, dinamik simulasyonun gerçekleştirilmesi, fabrika ölçekli yapı göz önünde bulundurularak uygun kontrol yapılarının tasarlanması ve en uygun kontrol yapısının seçimi olmak üzere dört aşamada irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, reaktif distilasyon kolonu içeren kompleks prosesin fabrika ölçekli kontrolünün, hem sıcaklık hem de bileşen kontrol yapıları tarafından, değişen bozanetkenlere karşı etkin bir şekilde gerçekleştirilebilirliği görülmüştür.
Increasing energy demand and environmental considerations have forced industry to focus on process intensification. Reactive distillation columns combining reaction and separation operations into a single vessel have been successful examples of process intensification. This have made the reactive distillation columns the subject of many papers in recent years. The vast majority of these papers dealt with the steady-state design and the dynamic behavior of the individually operating reactive distillation columns. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the plantwide control of multi-unit complex processes involving reactive distillation columns. In order to make up the deficit in this field, a simplified version of a real industrial process is modified as a test case. The original process contains two reaction steps, three distillation columns, two recycle streams and six chemical components. Since the chemistry and volatilities have been suitable, the second reaction and the third separation steps have combined into a reactive distillation column. Then, two of the composition control structures studied have been found workable among several alternatives. In the next step, temperaturebased inferential control structures have been designed, since temperature measurements are faster, cheaper and more reliable. It has been observed that both composition and temperaturebased control structures have effectively controlled the system in the face of different disturbances. Results of the dynamic simulations show that the deviation in the product purities occurs in the temperature-based control structures. However, it has been seen that they are quite close to their specifications in single-end temperature control structures.
Increasing energy demand and environmental considerations have forced industry to focus on process intensification. Reactive distillation columns combining reaction and separation operations into a single vessel have been successful examples of process intensification. This have made the reactive distillation columns the subject of many papers in recent years. The vast majority of these papers dealt with the steady-state design and the dynamic behavior of the individually operating reactive distillation columns. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the plantwide control of multi-unit complex processes involving reactive distillation columns. In order to make up the deficit in this field, a simplified version of a real industrial process is modified as a test case. The original process contains two reaction steps, three distillation columns, two recycle streams and six chemical components. Since the chemistry and volatilities have been suitable, the second reaction and the third separation steps have combined into a reactive distillation column. Then, two of the composition control structures studied have been found workable among several alternatives. In the next step, temperaturebased inferential control structures have been designed, since temperature measurements are faster, cheaper and more reliable. It has been observed that both composition and temperaturebased control structures have effectively controlled the system in the face of different disturbances. Results of the dynamic simulations show that the deviation in the product purities occurs in the temperature-based control structures. However, it has been seen that they are quite close to their specifications in single-end temperature control structures.
Description
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2012
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012
Subject
Reaktif Distilasyon Kolonu, Fabrika Ölçekli Kontrol, Proses Kontrol, Reaktive Distillation Column, Plantwide Control, Proses Control