Publication: Proton-proton Çarpışmasında Kara Madde Araştırması
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
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Abstract
Günümüzde Büyük Hadron Çarpıştırıcısı'nın verdiği imkanlarla protonlar yüksek enerji mertebelerinde (TeV) çarpıştırılarak kara madde araştırması yapılıyor. Çarpışmalarda enine kayıp enerjinin olması, bizi bu çarpışmalarda kara madde adayı parçacıkları arama fikrine götürür. Nötrinolar da dedektörde kayıp enerjinin kaynağı olarak gözükmesine rağmen, çok daha büyük kayıp enerji aradığımızdan bu durum nötrinolarla açıklanamaz. Ayrıca nötrinolar kara madde adayı olamazlar; çünkü kara madde oldukça soğuk olmalıdır. Bu bize kara maddeyi oluşturan parçacıkların yavaş hareket ettiğini söyler. Eğer kara madde göreli hızlarla hareket eden parçacıklardan oluşsaydı (örneğin nötrinolar), kendi yerçekimi etkisi altında kümelenmez ve galaksiler bugün gözlemlediğimiz gibi olmazdı. Bu yüzden kara madde parçacıklarını Standart Model'de aramayacağız. Burada Standart Model'in ötesindeki bir kavram olan süpersimetriye başvuracağız; çünkü süpersimetri olgusunda aradığımız şartlara uygun bir aday parçacık var. Bu parçacık; "kararlı en hafif süper-simetrik parçacık" olarak anılan LSP parçacığıdır. Bu çalışmadaki amaç; evrendeki kütle-çekimsel enerjinin yaklaşık $\%23$'ünü barındıran kara maddeyi, proton-proton çarpışmasında araştırmaktır. Kara madde parçacıklarının proton-proton çarpışmasında oluştuğunu önererek enerji ve momentum korunum yasaları yazılacaktır. Son safhada ise kara madde kütlesi için bir sınır değer elde edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Nowadays with the advantages of the Large Hadron Collider, highly energetic protons are colliding for investigation of dark matter. Thanks to the momentum-energy conservation laws, we reach the idea of searching for dark matter candidates through the presence of missing transverse energy in the collisions. While neutrinos are also sources of missing energy in the detectors, we look for more significiant losses that cannot be explained with neutrinos. Furthermore, neutrinos cannot be dark matter candidate. Because dark matter is fairly cold-that is, its particles are relatively slow-moving. If dark matter were composed of relativistic particles (e.g neutrinos), it would not clump as well under its own gravitiy and would wash out certain smaller structures of galaxies in the universe, which is not what we observe. Because of that we are not going to seek the dark matter particles in the Standard Model. We appeal to extra super-symmetric terms, because in this theory there is a candidate particle which could fullfill with our expectations. This particle is labeled as the " Lightest Supersymmetric Particle " . The purpose of this survey is to research for dark matter, which constitues about $\%23$ of the total mass-energy budget of the universe, in the proton proton collisions. We are going to write the energy momentum conservation laws with the assumption that dark matter particles form in proton proton collisions. The plan for the last phase is; to set a limit on the allowed values for the mass of dark matter.
Nowadays with the advantages of the Large Hadron Collider, highly energetic protons are colliding for investigation of dark matter. Thanks to the momentum-energy conservation laws, we reach the idea of searching for dark matter candidates through the presence of missing transverse energy in the collisions. While neutrinos are also sources of missing energy in the detectors, we look for more significiant losses that cannot be explained with neutrinos. Furthermore, neutrinos cannot be dark matter candidate. Because dark matter is fairly cold-that is, its particles are relatively slow-moving. If dark matter were composed of relativistic particles (e.g neutrinos), it would not clump as well under its own gravitiy and would wash out certain smaller structures of galaxies in the universe, which is not what we observe. Because of that we are not going to seek the dark matter particles in the Standard Model. We appeal to extra super-symmetric terms, because in this theory there is a candidate particle which could fullfill with our expectations. This particle is labeled as the " Lightest Supersymmetric Particle " . The purpose of this survey is to research for dark matter, which constitues about $\%23$ of the total mass-energy budget of the universe, in the proton proton collisions. We are going to write the energy momentum conservation laws with the assumption that dark matter particles form in proton proton collisions. The plan for the last phase is; to set a limit on the allowed values for the mass of dark matter.
Description
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2014
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Instıtute of Science and Technology, 2014
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Instıtute of Science and Technology, 2014
Subject
Kara Madde, Dark Matter