The Relationships Among the Prominent Indices: HDI-GII-GCI

Abstract

Several global indices have been used to classify and to analyze the states of countries. Comparison can be performed not only based on country but also annually for each country. In this study, three prominent indices, the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), the Global Innovation Index (GII) and the Human Development Index (HDI) were investigated to examine the relationships between them by employing the PLS-SEM method. According to the results, HDI has an influence on GII while GCI is affected by GII. The results also demonstrated that GII has a full mediating effect on the relationship between HDI and GCI. Moreover, findings indicated that countries should improve their innovativeness by taking human capital into consideration to gain competitive advantages.