Publication: Gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklıklarının planlamaya ve kentsel gelişmeye etkilerinin irdelenmesi : İstanbul örneği
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Şehir ve Bölge Planlama
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
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Son yıllarda, sayısal artışları ve portföylerine ekledikleri projelerle gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklıkları sıkça sözü edilen şirketler haline gelmişlerdir. Gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklıkları, kentsel gelişmede kullanılabilecek bir finansman aracı olarak değerlendirildiklerinde, sermayelerinin nasıl değerlendirileceğine dair alınan kararlar, mevcut planlara yaklaşımları ve kamu yaran ilkesiyle ilişkileri önem kazanmaktadır. Yaptıkları ve yapmayı düşündükleri yatırımların büyük kapsamlı projeler olmasına dayanarak, bu bağlantının derecesinin önümüzdeki yıllarda kuvvetleneceği öngörülebilir. Bu çalışmanın sınırlan içerisinde yamt aranmaya çalışılacak olan temel soru şöyle formüle edilebilir: "GYO'lar ile kent arasındaki ilişki planlama çerçevesinde nasıl kurulabilir?" Bu ana sorunun yanıtlanabilmesi için yanıtlanması gereken alt sorular da şöyle sıralanabilir: Türkiye'deki gayrimenkul sektörünün yapısı ve bu yapının içinde GYO'lann rolü nedir? GYO'lann şu an itibariyle ülkedeki işleyişi nasıldır ve bu işleyişin kentler için yarattığı potansiyel ve tehlikeler nelerdir? GYO'lann portföy seçimi ve proje kararlan kenti şu ana kadar nasıl etkilemiştir ve planlamayla nasıl ilişkilendirilebilir? Kent yöneticileri ve GYO yöneticileri eşgüdüm içinde çalışabilirler mi? GYO'lann amacı nedir ve bu amaç son yıllarda gündemden düşmeyen kamu-özel ortaklığı çerçevesinde kamu yaranna kullanılabilir mi? Bu sorular çerçevesinde gayrimenkul yatınm ortaklıklannın İstanbul'da yaptıklan yatınmlar, planlama ve kentsel gelişme kapsamında incelenerek, GYO - kent ilişkisi kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu ilişkiye ulaşabilmek için, Türkiye'deki gayrimenkul sektörünün yapısı ve GYO'lann bu sektör içerisindeki yerleri belirlenmiş, GYO'lann bugünkü işleyiş mekanizmasının kente olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. GYO'lann bugüne dek portföylerine aldıklan projeler planlama ile ilişkilendirilerek, kenti nasıl etkiledikleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre GYO'lann kentsel gelişme ve planlamaya etkileri henüz kayda değer boyutlarda değildir. Etkilerin birkaç istisna dışında planlama açısından olumsuz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak GYO projelerinin gerçekleştirildikleri alanlara dışsal faydalarla birlikte doğrudan ekonomik katma değer sağladıklan da belirtilmelidir Büyüme hızları göz önüne alındığında yakın gelecekte GYO projelerinin özellikle İstanbul'da kentsel gelişmeyi ve planlama sürecini doğrudan etkileyecekleri öngörülebilir. Bu anlamda merkezi ve yerel yönetim birimleriyle geliştirilecek ortaklıklar söz konusu etkilerin niteliğini belirleyecektir.
In the recent years, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) have attracted considerable attention with their incraesing numbers and with the projects that they are investing on. When REITs are considered as a financial instrument which can be used in urban development, their investment decisions, their approach to the existing plans and their relations with the public interest concept should be discussed. Since their projects are generally large in scale, it can be said that this interest to their investments will increase in the following years. The main question to be answered in this research can be formulated as follows: "How can one relate REITs with urban development in the context of urban planning?" In order to answer this main question, there are sub-questions to be answered: How is the structure of the real estate sector in Turkey and what is the role and share of REITs in this sector? How do the REITs operate in the country and what are the potentials and threats of this operation for the cities? How have the REITs portfolio and project choices affected the city of Istanbul untill now and how can these affcets be related to planning? Can the urban governers and REITs' managers work in coordination? What is the objective of REITs and can this objective be used in order to realise public interest under the nowadays' favorite concept of public- private partnership? In this research, investments of REITs in Istanbul were analysed according to urban planning and city development and the relation of REITs and the city was tried to be founded. In order to found this relationship, structure of the real estate sector in Turkey and the role of the REITs in this sector were determined and accordingly REITs opeartion mechanism was cross-examined with the city to find out the mutual impacts. REITs' projects in their portfolios were also analysed to determine the impacts of each on the city with relation to urban planning. According to the findings, REITs' impacts on the city development and the city planning are not noteworthy for the time being. However, their limited impacts are not positive for the city with respect to urban planning. But, It should here be noted that REITs' projects contribute to their locations considerably not only by external benefits but also by supplying direct income. Therefore, espacially locations with rural aspects surrounding Istanbul are very eager to attract this capital. When REITs recent growth rates in Turkey is considered, it can be said that their impacts on the city development and urban planning will be significant in the near future. The quality of their impacts will be depending on the coordination of REITs with the central and local governments.
In the recent years, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) have attracted considerable attention with their incraesing numbers and with the projects that they are investing on. When REITs are considered as a financial instrument which can be used in urban development, their investment decisions, their approach to the existing plans and their relations with the public interest concept should be discussed. Since their projects are generally large in scale, it can be said that this interest to their investments will increase in the following years. The main question to be answered in this research can be formulated as follows: "How can one relate REITs with urban development in the context of urban planning?" In order to answer this main question, there are sub-questions to be answered: How is the structure of the real estate sector in Turkey and what is the role and share of REITs in this sector? How do the REITs operate in the country and what are the potentials and threats of this operation for the cities? How have the REITs portfolio and project choices affected the city of Istanbul untill now and how can these affcets be related to planning? Can the urban governers and REITs' managers work in coordination? What is the objective of REITs and can this objective be used in order to realise public interest under the nowadays' favorite concept of public- private partnership? In this research, investments of REITs in Istanbul were analysed according to urban planning and city development and the relation of REITs and the city was tried to be founded. In order to found this relationship, structure of the real estate sector in Turkey and the role of the REITs in this sector were determined and accordingly REITs opeartion mechanism was cross-examined with the city to find out the mutual impacts. REITs' projects in their portfolios were also analysed to determine the impacts of each on the city with relation to urban planning. According to the findings, REITs' impacts on the city development and the city planning are not noteworthy for the time being. However, their limited impacts are not positive for the city with respect to urban planning. But, It should here be noted that REITs' projects contribute to their locations considerably not only by external benefits but also by supplying direct income. Therefore, espacially locations with rural aspects surrounding Istanbul are very eager to attract this capital. When REITs recent growth rates in Turkey is considered, it can be said that their impacts on the city development and urban planning will be significant in the near future. The quality of their impacts will be depending on the coordination of REITs with the central and local governments.
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Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2001
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gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklıkları, kentsel gelişme, planlama, real estate investment trusts, urban development, planning
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