Novel modification on SPICE BJT model to obtain extended accuracy

Abstract

A modification on the SPICE BJT model with the purpose of extending the accuracy range is proposed. The proposed model improves the representation of the Early effect for forward and inverse operating regions. Another main improvement is on the βF−IC and βR−IE dependences at high-injection levels achieved by introducing one extra model parameter and by modifying the normalised total base-charge expression. The model provides new possibilities in analogue IC design such as accurate simulation of low-distortion building blocks.