The changing role of diesel oil-gasoil-LPG and hydrogen based fuels in human health risk: A numerical investigation in ferry ship operations

Abstract

Abstract The ships and on-road vehicles are two main emission sources in transportation. In the special form of the ships such as ferry ship, the passengers face with both of two sources because the passengers and vehicles could be proceeding simultaneously. Hence, the exposed emission value in g/m³ by passengers has rapidly increased in the ferries. In this study, the authors found that the vehicles produced emission average 1515 g/s. The calculated value of CO2, SO2, NO2, NO forms respectively, 153.6, 1.37, 0.138, 0.12 g/s. The impatient passengers could be exposed to these emissions more than the reference dose limits within a certain time period. Among these forms, we revealed SO2, NO2 and NO have health risk with HQ value within the 1-year period. The expected symptoms could be summarized respiratory paralysis, damage to liver, lung, spleen, and blood, respiratory and CNS involvement, cancer in long-term.