A Novel Puma Optimizer Based TID Controller for Load Frequency Control

Abstract

This paper presents the Puma Optimizer (PO) algorithm, a novel approach to the load frequency control problem. The proposed PO algorithm optimizes the gain parameters of the tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller used for load frequency control in a two-area interconnected power system with a PV system. In this study, the proposed PO algorithm for optimizing the TID controller was compared with ImRSA, RSA, MGWO-CS and PDO algorithms, which were previously published in the literature. In the optimization of the TID controller’s gain parameters based on the ITAE metric, the proposed PO algorithm achieved the best performance with a value of 0.7441, followed by ImRSA with 0.8239, RSA with 0.9251, MGWO-CS with 0.9203 and PDO with 0.8108. The performance of the optimized TID controller was evaluated based on the system’s frequency response to a 0.1 p.u load disturbance in both areas. According to the simulation results obtained, it was observed that the proposed PO algorithm provided the fastest settling time and the minimum overshoot and undershoot values in the frequency response of the system in both areas and the tie-line against load changes. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.