A quantitative assessment of human factors in maritime cybersecurity: An investigation of seafarers’ knowledge and practices

Abstract

Abstract The maritime domain has relied on advanced technology that has been developing progressively, which increases the risk associated with new challenging threats regarding cybersecurity. Many researchers and technical reports mainly focus on the technical measures to prevent cyber-attacks; however, the human factor is still the crucial reason for cyber-attacks, similar to maritime accidents. This study aims to quantitatively assess human factors’ role in cybersecurity by evaluating the seafarers’ perception of cybersecurity risks and best practices in the maritime domain. The structured questionnaire was designed to measure the seafarers’ cybersecurity awareness, perceptions, and knowledge, as well as their understanding of cybersecurity rules and protocols and their ability to identify and respond to potential cyber-attacks. The collected data was analysed using statistical methods to identify the relation between human factors and cybersecurity domain. The finding reveals that an organization’s cybersecurity policies and guidelines influence an individual’s security-related behaviours. Additionally, cybersecurity perception, knowledge, awareness, and behaviour of seafarers are positively associated. The study’s results would have significant implications for maritime organizations, shipping companies, and training and education centres, which would be needed to develop effective policies, strategies, and tailored training programmes to address the specific needs of seafarers.