SWOT-AHP Analysis of Different Colours of Hydrogen for Decarbonization of Shipping

Abstract

Maritime transportation has experienced significant growth since 1990, with its use surging by over 150%, constituting approximately 90% of global transportation for goods transfer. However, the overwhelming majority of the global maritime fleet still relies heavily on fossil fuels, leading to substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To address these challenges, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has implemented regulations and initiatives to mitigate CO2 and GHG emissions from shipping. Among these, the use of hydrogen emerges as a promising option for achieving sustainable decarbonization of maritime transportation. This paper investigates grey, blue, and green hydrogen production methods in the context of the shipping industry. Through strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis combined with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with each hydrogen type are prioritised and evaluated. The findings reveal nuanced shifts in strategic considerations during transitions between hydrogen types, highlighting the importance of regulatory support and technological advancements in driving the transition towards cleaner hydrogen production methods. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for strategic planning and technological advances to overcome challenges and capitalize on opportunities for a more sustainable and resilient energy future in maritime transportation.