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ÖgeA practice-based research on musical improvisation: Collaborative improvisation as a play(Graduate School, 2022-07-08) Hatipoğlu, Zeynep Ayşe ; Öztürk Özgen, Yelda ; 409162007 ; MusicThis study seeks to connect play and collective improvisation, and propose play as a creative tool for improvisation to contribute to the field. The thesis offers newly designed improvisatory collaborative plays and provides a methodology to create improvisatory plays, workshop techniques, and a tool-box for collective practices. For the purpose of this thesis, several plays that focus on different sensorial effects were developed, applied and documented. Emotion Play, collaborated with an industrial designer, Gülen Mine Demiralp, aimed to increase emotional awareness and practice it with tactile, auditory and visual components. In Re-Thinking Objects, collaborated with play expert and futurist Yeşim Kunter, transforming everyday objects into sound sources were used to create improvisation. The Listen Before Play focuses mainly on the importance of supporting the listening acts during improvisation. As many extensive listening exercises focus on, this play is an attempt to focus on listening to the sound which the performer produces, as well as listening to the collaborators. In Graphic Notation, group members' creative interpretation processes aimed to be increased and the practice offers visual and auditory projection. For the workshop, a specific type of notation was offered to observe different interpretations of a single script. The play Maintain Balance focuses on body movements, and by making body movements active within a group dynamic, it aims to investigate an embodied practice, which was developed in collaboration with martial arts expert Çağlayan Ceylan. The last two plays, namely Voicing A Letter and Upside-Down, experiment with the idea of exploring new approaches and performance techniques. These two plays aimed to increase awareness of the members by using their own voices, and by rethinking and experimenting with their instruments, it aimed to explore new performance capabilities. Musical analysis of the improvisation sessions are left outside the scope of this work as the main focus is on developing group dynamics and improving improvisation. To investigate the musical and intellectual preferences of selected Turkish improvising musicians, oral interviews were conducted and transcribed in the appendix section that contains various insights and personal views on improvisation and the concept of play. Finally, a set of play instructions as a toolbox has been provided to would present guidance and help in creative works and education scenarios have been proposed as the main outcome of the work.
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ÖgeOrganonscape, atmospheric relations and sound ethnobiology of kemence in and around Trabzon(Graduate School, 2021-12-17) Aslan, Uğur ; Karahasanoğlu, Songül ; 409162006 ; MusicKemençe is a three-string fiddle played especially in the East part of the Black Sea Region in Turkey. It is also called as Karadeniz Kemençe (Black Sea Kemençe) in order to distinguish this instrument from another kinds of Kemençes such as Klasik Kemençe or İstanbul Kemençesi, performed mostly in Turkish Classical Music. Kemençe is also a crucial part of the social life of the Black Sea people. In many cases, people express their cultural identity with this instrument and it represents their place, region, and even environment that they live in. This study aims to reveal the complex relations from the making of the kemençe to the musical performance and from its place in the soundscapes of the Eastern Black Sea region to the problem of the representation of the kemençe in the region. In this direction, I evaluate the kemençe instrument from three different perspectives and reveal the relationships of the kemençe with a different dimension in line with each point of view. These dimensions are space, nature and sound. I collected the data about the kemençe by the fieldwork method. I used participant observation and interview techniques in the study. In this direction, I started taking lessons from İlyas Parlak, one of the well-known kemençe players in the region, since 2018. The fact that Parlak knows the region very well and is aware of the musical differences in the region has enabled me to distinguish more clearly the musical identities in the region. In addition, I obtained the data on the role of kemençe making in creating sound communities and its relationship with nature by conducting interviews with well-known kemençe makers in the region. In order to interpret the kemençe from three different perspectives (space, nature, and sound), I held three different literature reviews and conceptual frameworks for this study. These three different perspectives are included in three different chapters in the thesis. In the first perspective, I discussed the aural spaces of the kemençe by making use of the literature of cultural geography and organology. As a result, I determined the aural spaces of the kemençe in and around Trabzon through different types of kemençes. I propose the concept of organonscape in order to explain the spatial analysis of the kemençe in this study. Through this concept, I show that kemençe takes place in a non-representational aural space in and around Trabzon, because five different types of kemençe(high-pitched, middle sized, low-pitched, four-stringed, and electronic) are performed in every part of the region and they are interacted with each other. In the second perspective, I focus on how the kemençe creates certain feelings among people (bodies) through specific performances. In this context, the term I put in the center is sound. While discussing the sound of the kemençe in the context of performance, I examined the concept of atmosphere in this section in order to answer my research question. In this section, while referring to the kemençe performance, which I consider as atmospheric practices, I have discussed the components related to creating a certain atmospheric situation with the concept of atmospheric relations. In this context, I aimed to present a broad structure that starts with the sound focus and also deals with the relationships between bodies in specific kemençe performances such as plateau festivals or muhabbet gatherings. In the third perspective, I deal with the relationship between the musical instrument and nature while assessing the instrument making process. In this context, in this section, I have discussed how natural resources that are used in kemençe making form the sound and timbre of the kemençe. In this context, while making use of the ecomusicology literature, I also examined the term sound ethnobiology in detail. As a result, I propose the concept of the sound ethnobiology of musical instruments in this section. I took this concept as revealing how the luthiers' relationship with nature affects the instrument during the instrument making process. When it comes to the sound ethnobiology of the kemençe, luthiers can classify tree species in terms of suitability for making kemençe, taking into account the place where the trees are grown. Luthiers also know what kind of timbre can be created through what kind of tree. This knowledge of knowing the natural sources of kemençe constitutes the traditional ecological knowledge of sound production in the region. In connection with the various uses of natural resources, different types of kemençes can be made and each type of kemençe creates its own aural space in the region. Consequently, local people reinterpret the kemençe instrument in a fluid aural space and create a space that is represented through the sound and timbre of the instrument. I considered this space as the organonscape of kemençe in this study. In addition, how the kemençe performance creates a common feeling and belonging on people is revealed with the concept of atmosphere. Thus, atmospheric relationships, practice, and certain atmospheric arrangements are required for these specific situations to occur. Finally, the relationship of the kemençe instrument with nature has been evaluated within the framework of sound ethnobiology from the manufacturing process to finding the appropriate timbre, and in this sense, it has contributed to future ecomusicology and sound ecology studies in terms of instrument-based studies.
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ÖgeThe Black Sea fiddle: A case study about Trabzon and Thessaloniki(Graduate School, 2023-05-23) Şentürk, Onur ; Öztürk Özgen, Yelda ; Reigle, Robert F. ; 409112004 ; MusicThe kemençe (Black Sea fiddle or Pontic lyra) is a bottle-shaped bowed string instrument from Turkey's Black Sea region. It has an original playing style and repertoire that differentiates it from other bowed instruments. It is one of the most important musical instruments of the Black Sea music tradition. Today, the kemençe is performed not only in the Black Sea region of Turkey but also in Greece, where the Pontic Greeks immigrated from the Black Sea region of Turkey at the beginning of the 20th century. In addition, the kemençe remains the most significant and symbolic musical instrument for both Greek (Pontic people) and Turkish (Black Sea people) communities. When the playing styles of these two groups are considered, it is possible to observe both similarities and differences. While similarities stem from the common origins shared by the two communities, the reasons for differences can be traced back to changes in the cultural environment of the community, i.e., Pontic Greeks, through immigration and population exchanges. In the last fifteen to twenty years, Black Sea traditional music gained great popularity, reaching a wider audience and increasing the number of people wanting to engage in Black Sea music. Due to this fact, today, there are many kemençe performers among the younger generations compared to the past. Consequently, with the increase in the usage of the internet and cable system networks of mass communication, the cultural bonds between the Black Sea communities of Turkish and Greek heritage had the opportunity to interact with each other. Specifically, this valuable cultural interaction increased between the young generation of kemençe players of both communities. For instance, among the Turkish kemençe players, the different kemençe playing styles found in Greece today has recently become popular, being defined by Turkish kemençe players as Greek style – Rum tavrı. In this dissertation, I aim to analyze the traditional performance of kemençe based on the data gathered from the field research I conducted in Greece and Turkey between 2016-2020. It also discusses the playing techniques, repertory, and evolution of kemençe performance practice through the question, "What is the Greek style- Rum tavrı?". The thesis begins with an introductory chapter outlining the needs for such a study, the objective of the thesis, literature review, and the methodology. Additionally, the first chapter introduces the historical background, construction, and basic playing principles of the kemençe. The second chapter focuses mainly on performance practices of the kemençe and its development with the Pontic community in Greece. Firstly, I provide brief information about the first generation of kemençe players who are this musical culture's bearers. Secondly, I define five distinctive kemençe playing styles and regional aspects through playing techniques and repertory analysis. Then, I mention Gogos Petridis and his impact that caused a dramatic change in kemençe playing practice. The third chapter mainly draws on the kemençe playing practices in Turkey using a similar approach. I provide brief information on significant kemençe performers, who are the bearers of the kemençe music culture and I define five different regions according to stylistic differences, relying on analysis of playing techniques and repertory. The fifth chapter and concluding chapter, summarizes the findings and outcomes concerning the similarities and differences between the playing styles of the two communities, and identifies the avenues for further research. Finally, it answers the question "What is the Greek style- Rum tavrı?" in the light of the data and observations obtained from the research.
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ÖgeTowards a response-able com-position practice: entangling with humans, more-than-humans and materials(Graduate School, 2022-07-18) Uçanok, Fulya ; Tanır Özgün, Şirin E ; 409142002 ; MusicThis dissertation proposes an artistic research model that springs from a socio-musical imagination for composition. The research investigates and articulates various relational possibilities and positions of the poietic process by knotting various agents (human, more-than-human and material) together in a co-authored, multivalent compositional space. Possible realizations for response-able composition practices, follow various feminist, non-anthropocentric, and new-materialist strands of thought, focusing on concepts proposed by Karen Barad, Donna Haraway and the ensemble Gilles Deleuze, and Félix Guattari. The Response-able Com-position model offer engaged practices for learning to live and negotiate in a world of multiplicity and difference; offering recipes for making with others through multivalent socio-sonic and embodied sound engagements, which have potential to cultivate aware, caring and thoughtful processes for our sound practices.